ACHE – acetylcholinesterase: Prominent cholinergic neuronal
degeneration in bornavirus infected rats characterised by loss of
CHAT , ACHE and SLC18A3 Gies
et al, 2001 expression decreased in neuronal progenitor cells
expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
ADORA2A Adenosine A2A Receptor: expression decreased in neuronal
progenitor cells expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
AIF1 – allograft inflammatory factor 1 : CNS expression
uprregulated by infection in rats Herden
et al, 2005
AIMP1 – aminoacyl tRNA synthetase complex-interacting multifunctional
protein 1 (Emap2) : Expression increased in infected rat brains
Mueller
et al, 2003
ALDOC – aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate: cerebellar expression
decreased after neonatal Borna disease virus infection in the Lewis
rat Williams
et al, 2007
Anandamide: Bornavirus infection decreased the levels of the endocannabinoid
anandamide in the striatum of infected rats Solbrig
et al,2010
APOE apolipoprotein E: expression decreased in neuronal progenitor
cells expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
ASNS asparagine synthetase (glutamine-hydrolyzing): Cerebellar
and hippocampal expression increased by neonatal infection in rats
Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
ATF4 – activating transcription factor 4 (tax-responsive
enhancer element B67): enhanced PERK-mediated phosphorylation of
eif2alpha (EIF2S1) and concomitant regulation of ATF4 translation;
IRE1-mediated splicing of XBP1 mRNA; and cleavage of the ATF6 protein
in neonatal bornavirus infected rat brains Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
ATP2A2 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch
2 :Cerebellar and hippocampal expression decreased by neonatal infection
in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
ATP2A3 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, ubiquitous: Cerebellar expression
decreased and hippocampal expression increased by neonatal infection
in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
BAX BCL2-associated X protein : The Hu-H1viral strain inhibits
cellular proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human oligodendrocytes
via Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation. In contrast, lab
Strain V promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits apoptosis
in human oligodendrocytes via Bax downregulation and Bcl-2 upregulation
Li
et al, 2013
B2M – beta-2-microglobulin: Upregulated in infected rat
brain Jehle
et al, 2003
BCL2 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2: The Hu-H1viral strain inhibits cellular
proliferation and promotes apoptosis in human oligodendrocytes via
Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation. In contrast, lab Strain
V promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in human
oligodendrocytes via Bax downregulation and Bcl-2 upregulation Li
et al, 2013
BCL2L1 – BCL2-like 1 (Bcl-x) : Post-infection cerebral Apoptosis
(hippocampus, cerebellum) and increased mRNA levels for pro-apoptotic
products (Fas, caspase-1), and decreased mRNA levels for the anti-apoptotic
bcl-x, and in situ labeling of fragmented DNA Hornig
et al, 1999
BDNF – brain-derived neurotrophic factor : persistent infection
blocks hippocampal BDNF-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, despite
normal expression of the TrkB BDNF receptor Hans
et al, 2004 expression decreased in neuronal progenitor cells
expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
BMP4 bone morphogenic protein 4: expression decreased in neuronal
progenitor cells expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
BMP7 bone morphogenetic protein 7: Expression increased in BDV-infected
C6 glial cells Nishino
et al, 2015
C1QA complement component 1, q subcomponent, A chain:+ C1QB Expression
increased in the brains of infected rats Dietzschold
et al , 1995
CALB1 – calbindin 1, 28kDa: Upregulated in the enteric nervous
system in infected Lewis rats Pfannkuche
et al, 2008.
CALCA calcitonin-related polypeptide alph: Upregulated in brains
of infected rats Röhrenbeck
et al, 1999
CASP1 – caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase:
Post-infection cerebral Apoptosis (hippocampus, cerebellum) and
increased mRNA levels for pro-apoptotic products (Fas, caspase-1),
and decreased mRNA levels for the anti-apoptotic bcl-x, and in situ
labeling of fragmented DNA Hornig
et al, 1999
CASP3 caspase 3: Levels of activated caspase 3 protein levels
increased in neonatal Bornavirus infected rats (hippocampus) Williams
et al, 2008
CCL1 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1: Expression enhanced in the
brains of infected mice Hausmann
et al, 2005
CCL2 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2: CCL4 (MIP-1ß),
CCL5 (RANTES), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CXCL10 (Mob-1/IP-10) expression
upregilated by infection in rats Sauder
et al, 2000
CCL4 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 : CCL4 (MIP-1ß),
CCL5 (RANTES), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CXCL10 (Mob-1/IP-10) expression
upregilated by infection in rats Sauder
et al, 2000
CCL5 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (Rantes) : persistent
infection of neuronal cellsin rats activates uninfected astrocytes
as measured by elevated expression CCL5 Ovanesov
et al, 2008
CCL11 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 11: Expression enhanced in
the brains of infected mice Hausmann
et al, 2005
CCNB1 cyclin B1: Viral nucleoprotein interacts with the CDC2-cyclin
B1 complex Planz
et al, 2003
CCNG1 – cyclin G1: The viral P protein decreases p53-mediated
transcriptional activation of the cyclin G promoter Zhang
et al, 2003
CCR5 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5: CXCR3, CCR5, CX3CR1,
and CXCR4 expression increased in the brains of infected adult rats
Rauer
et al, 2002
CD8A – CD8a molecule:
CD44 hippocampal expression increased after neonatal Borna disease
virus infection in the Lewis rat Williams
et al, 2006
CDK1 – cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDC2) Viral nucleoprotein
interacts with the CDC2-cyclin B1 complex Planz
et al, 2003
CDKN1A – cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1):
activation of expression repressed in cyclosporine-treated infected
cells Zhang
et al, 2003
CHAT – choline O-acetyltransferase: Prominent cholinergic
neuronal degeneration in bornavirus infected rats chartacterised
by loss of Chat, ACHE and SLC18A3 Gies
et al, 2001
CSNK2A1 – casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide : (tetramer
with CSNK2A2, CSNK2B) Phosphorylates the viral P protein Schwemmle
et al, 1997
CXCL10 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10: CCL4 (MIP-1ß),
CCL5 (RANTES), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CXCL10 (Mob-1/IP-10) expression
upregulated by infection in rats Sauder
et al, 2000
CX3CL1 – chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (fraktalkine):
expression reduced in brains of adult and newborn infected rats
Rauer
et al, 2002
CX3CR1 – chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 : CXCR3, CCR5,
CX(3)CR1, and CXCR4 expression increased in the brains of infected
adult rats Rauer
et al, 2002
CXCR3 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3: CXCR3, CCR5,
CX(3)CR1, and CXCR4 expression increased in the brains of infected
adult rats Rauer
et al, 2002
CXCR4 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4: CXCR3, CCR5,
CX(3)CR1, and CXCR4 expression increased in the brains of infected
adult rats Rauer
et al, 2002
DDIT3 – DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (CHOP) : ER stress
induction in death-susceptible Purkinje neurons in neonatally infected
rats is associated with the expression of the proapoptotic molecule
CHOP in the absence of compensatory expression of the ER quality
control molecules Bip and protein disulfide isomeraseWilliams
and Lipkin, 2006
DDX21 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box helicase 21 : interacts with
the 5' untranslated region of viral X/P mRNA Watanabe
et al, 2009
DDX50 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 50: interacts with
the 5' untranslated region of viral X/P mRNA Watanabe
et al, 2009
DNM1L dynamin 1-like : phosphorylation at serine 616 residue ,
a phosphorylation site known to regulate mitochondrial fission35,
were strongly reduced in viral X-expressing or PX3-treated neurons:
The viral X protein protects against neuronal degeneration in models
of Parkinson's disease Szelechowski
et al, 2014
DRD2 – dopamine receptor D2: Receptor binding decreased
in the nucleus accumbens of infected rats Solbrig
et al, 1996
DRD3 – dopamine receptor D3 : Receptor binding decreased
in the nucleus accumbens of infected rats Solbrig
et al, 1996
EGR1 – early growth response 1: Cerebral expression increased
by infection in rats Fu
et al, 1993
EIF2A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A, 65kDa: Cerebellar
and hippocampal expression (phosphorylated protein) increased by
neonatal infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
EIF2AK2 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha
kinase 2 (pkr): Activated by infection in glial cells Yamashita
et al, 2005
EIF2AK3 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha
kinase 3 (perk) enhanced PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eif2alpha
(EIF2S1) and concomitant regulation of ATF4 translation; IRE1-mediated
splicing of XBP1 mRNA; and cleavage of the ATF6 protein in neonatal
bornavirus infected rat brains Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
EIF2S1 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit
1 alpha, 35kDa see Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
ELK1 – ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family: constitutively
activated in infected PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
ERN1 – endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling enhanced
PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eif2alpha (EIF2S1) and concomitant
regulation of ATF4 translation; IRE1 (ERN1) -mediated splicing of
XBP1 mRNA; and cleavage of the ATF6 protein in neonatal bornavirus
infected rat brains Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
EPS15 – epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate
15: required during clathrin mediated endocytosis Clemente
and de la Torre 2009.
F3 – coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor):
Persistent infection of cultured astrocytes increases expression
(also increased in CNS following infection) Gonzalez-Dunia
et al, 1996
FABP7 – fatty acid binding protein 7, brain: Upregulated
in infected rat brain Jehle
et al, 2003
FAS – Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6) : Post-infection
cerebral Apoptosis (hippocampus, cerebellum) and increased mRNA
levels for pro-apoptotic products (Fas, caspase-1), and decreased
mRNA levels for the anti-apoptotic bcl-x, and in situ labeling of
fragmented DNA Hornig
et al, 1999
FHL2 four and a half LIM domains 2: Cerebellar and hippocampal
expression increased by neonatal infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
FOS – FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog: CNS
expression upregulated by infection Morimoto
et al, 1996
FURIN – furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme):
Able to cleave the viral glycoprotein Bajramovic
et al, 2003
GABARAP – GABA(A) receptor-associated protein : The viral
P protein binds to GABARAP, shifts its distribution from the cytoplasm
to the nucleus, and disrupts the trafficking of GABA receptors (GABRA1
and GABRB2) to the cell membrane Peng
et al, 2008
GADD45A growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha: Cerebellar
and hippocampal expression increased by neonatal infection in rats
Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
GAP43 growth associated protein 43: Expression decreased by infection
in PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
GAS5 growth arrest specific 5 (non-protein coding): Cerebellar
and hippocampal expression increased by neonatal infection in rats
Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
GFAP – glial fibrillary acidic protein: expression increased
in radial glia of infected Lewis rats Köster-Patzlaff
et al, 2008
GJA1 – gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43kDa : Cerebellar
expresion and phosphorylation increased in infected Lewis rats Köster-Patzlaff
et al, 2008
GJB6 – gap junction protein, beta 6, 30kDa: Cerebellar expresion
decreased in infected Lewis rats Köster-Patzlaff
et al, 2008
GJD2 gap junction protein delta 2 (connexin 36): Decreased inthe
hippocampus and cerebellum weeks post-infection Köster-Patzlaff
et al, 2008
HERPUD1 homocysteine-inducible, endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible,
ubiquitin-like domain member 1: Cerebellar and hippocampal expression
increased by neonatal infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
HMGB1 required for efficient BDV RNA transcription in the nucleus
Matsumoto
et al, 2012
HMGCS1 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1: Cerebellar and
hippocampal expression decreased by neonatal infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
HMOX1 – heme oxygenase (decycling) 1: CNS expression uprregulated
by infection in rats Herden
et al, 2005
HSPA5 – heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein,
78kDa): Binds to Borna disease virus glycoprotein Honda
et al, 2009
HSPA8 – heat shock 70kDa protein 8: binds to viral non-structural
protein X.Hayashi
et al, 2009
HTR1A – 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A, G protein-coupled:
Neonatal infection induced a gradual increase in the density of
5-HT2a and 5-HT1a postsynaptic receptors followed by an elevation
of 5-HT contents at both the levels of synaptic terminals (i.e.,
cortex and hippocampus) and cell bodies (i.e., raphe nuclei). Dietz
et al, 2004
HTR1B – 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B, G protein-coupled:
CNS expression reduced in transgenic mice expressing the viral phosphoprotein
in glial cells (also HTR1A and HTR2A) Okamoto
et al , 2003
HTR2A – 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A, G protein-coupled:
Neonatal infection induced a gradual increase in the density of
5-HT2a and 5-HT1a postsynaptic receptors followed by an elevation
of 5-HT contents at both the levels of synaptic terminals (i.e.,
cortex and hippocampus) and cell bodies (i.e., raphe nuclei). Dietz
et al, 2004
IFNA2 – interferon, alpha 2: enhances transcription and
represses replication of the BDV genome in persistently infected
Vero cells Staeheli
et al, 2001
IFNAR1 – interferon (alpha, beta and omega) receptor 1:
Knockout modifies infection in mice Staeheli
et al, 2001
IFNB1 – interferon, beta 1: the viral P protein counteracts
TBK-1-dependent IFN-beta expression in cells Unterstab
et al, 2005
IFNG – interferon, gamma: Expression increased in the brains
of infected cats Wensman
et al 2011
IGF1R – insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor: a significant
decrease in IGF1R phosphorylation was found in the cerebellum of
transfenic mice expressing the viral P protein Honda
et al, 2011
IGFBP3 insulin like growth factor binding protein 3: upregulated
in astrocytes by the Borna disease virus phosphoprotein Honda
et al, 2011.
IKBKB – inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer
in B-cells, kinase beta: modifies infection in neuronal guinea pig
cell line (CRL) Bourteele
et al, 2005.
IL1A – interleukin 1, alpha: IL1A, IL1B, IL6 and TNF expression
increased in brains of neonatally infected mice Hornig
et al, 1999
IL1B – interleukin 1, beta: activation of microglia in BDV-infected
mixed cultures produces a greater lipopolysaccharide-induced release
of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and interleukin
10 Ovanesov
et al, 2006.
IL1RN interleukin 1 receptor antagonist: Upregulated in the brain
following infection Plata-Salamán
et al, 1999
IL2 – interleukin 2 : Expression increased in the brains
of infected rat Shankar
et al, 1992
IL12A – interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory
factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35) (dimerises
with IL12B – interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory
factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40) ) : Worsens
the effects of cerebral infection in mice Freude
et al, 2002
IL13 Interleukin 13: Expression enhanced in the brains of infected
mice Hausmann
et al, 2005
IL16 Interleukin 16: microglial expression increased in infected
rats Guo
et al, 2004
INHBA inhibin beta A (homodimer = activin A) : Expression increased
in BDV-infected C6 glial cells Nishino
et al, 2015
INHBC – inhibin, beta C: Rat brain expression increased
by infection Nishino
et al, 2009
INHBE inhibin, beta E: Rat brain expression increased by infection
Nishino
et al, 2009
IRF3 – interferon regulatory factor 3: activated by CNS
infection in neuronal guinea pig cell line (CRL)Bourteele
et al, 2005.
IRF7 interferon regulatory factor 7: activated by CNS infection
in neuronal guinea pig cell line (CRL) Bourteele
et al, 2005. BDV nucleoprotein prevents the nuclear localisation
of IRF7 and inhibits endogenous interferon induction by poly(I:C),
coxsackie virus B3 and IFN-ß Song
et al, 2013
ITGA4 integrin subunit alpha 4: inhibition of alpha4 integrin
provided significant clinical benefit in slowing the progression
of Borna disease in rats Rubin
et al, 1998
JUN – jun proto-oncogene: CNS expression upregulated by
infection Morimoto
et al, 1996
JUNB – jun B proto-oncogene: Cerebral expression increased
by infection in rats Fu
et al, 1993
KNG1 – kininogen 1 Bradykinin CNS expression upregulated
by infection Morimoto
et al, 1996
KPNA2 karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1): binds
to viral p10 protein Woolf
et al, 2002
MAP2K1 – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 : constitutively
activated in infected PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
MAP2K2 – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2: constitutively
activated in infected PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
MAPK1 – mitogen-activated protein kinase 1: constitutively
activated in infected PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
MAPK3 – mitogen-activated protein kinase 3: constitutively
activated in infected PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
MARCKS – myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate:
reduced phosphorylation by protein kinase C of proteins that regulate
synaptic vesicle recycling following infection (MARCKS and STXBP1)
Volmer
et al, 2006
MAP2 – microtubule-associated protein 2: Expression increased
by infection in PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
MAVS – mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein: BDV X
protein colocalizes and interacts with MAVS in the mitochondria
to block programmed cell death Li
et al, 2013
MECP2 – methyl CpG binding protein 2 (Rett syndrome): infection
decreases the expression level of MeCP2 in neuronal cells Suberbielle
et al, 2008
MIF – macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting
factor): (MIF also has enzymatic tautomerase activity relevant to
catecholamine derived quinone metabolism (Pubmed)
Increase in astrocytic expression in Borna virus infected brains
Bacher
et al, 2002
MIR122 inhibits viral protein synthesis, viral gene replication
and transcription, and induced the secretion/synthesis of interferon
in oligodendroglial cells Quian
et al, 2010
MIR155 microRNA 155: persistent infection inhibits the expression
of type I Interferons through the suppression of miR155 Zhai
et al, 2013
miR-145, miR-146a, miR-192, miR-200b, miR-223, miR-449a and miR-505,
showed increased expression, whereas two miRNAs (miR-126 and miR-374)
showed decreased expression in the hippocampi of borna disease virus
-infected neonatal rats: Zhao
et al, 2015
MT1A metallothionein 1A: Marked induction in the CNS of neonatally
infected rats Williams
et al, 2006.
MT2A – metallothionein 2A: Marked induction in the CNS of
neonatally infected rats Williams
et al, 2006.
MT3 – metallothionein 3: Protein expression increased in
astrocytes and decreased in cereballar granule cells in neonatally
infected rats Williams
et al, 2006.
NCL nucleolin: interacts with the 5' untranslated region of viral
X/P mRNA Watanabe
et al, 2009
NFKB1 – nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer
in B-cells 1: Constitutive activation results in impaired viral
replication Bourteele
et al, 2005.
NGF – nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide): reduced mRNA
expression levels of NTF3, BDNF and NGF 14 days after infection
in the hippocampus, but not in the cerebellum, of newborn infected
rats Zocher
et al, 2000. BDV-infected PC12 cells failed to extend neurites
in response to NGF Hans
et al, 2001
NGFR – nerve growth factor receptor: Expression decreased
by infection in PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
NTF3 – neurotrophin 3: reduced mRNA expression levels of
NTF3, BDNF and NGF 14 days after infection in the hippocampus, but
not in the cerebellum, of newborn infected rats Zocher
et al, 2000.
NOG noggin: expression decreased in neuronal progenitor cells
expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
Noradrenaline: cortical and cerebellar levels of noradrenaline
and 5-HT were significantly greater in BDV-infected rats than control
animals at postnatal days 60 and 90 Pletnikov
et al, 2000.
NOS1 – nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal) : CNS expression
decreased by infection Akaike
et al, 1995
NOS2 – nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible: Expression increased
in the brains of infected rats Zheng
et al, 1993
NPY Neuropeptide Y: NPY expressing cerebrocortical neurons increased
during the acute stage of BDV-induced encephalitis Bette
et al 2004.
NTRK1 – neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 1:
Expression decreased by infection in PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
NTRK2 – neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2:
decreased trkB mRNA levels in the cerebellumpost infection Zocher
et al, 2000. .
NTRK3 – neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3:
(trkC) mRNA expression levels were reduced in both hippocampus and
cerebellum of infected rats: decreased trkB mRNA levels were only
observed in the cerebellum Zocher
et al, 2000. .
NUCB2 nucleobindin 2: Cerebellar and hippocampal expression increased
by neonatal infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
OLIG2 oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2: expression
decreased in neuronal progenitor cells expressing the viral phosphoprotein
Scordel
et al, 2015
P4HB prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide: Cerebellar and hippocampal
expression increased by neonatal infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
PARG – poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase: Expression decreased
in neonatal Borna disease in rats (hippocampus) Williams
et al, 2008
PARP1 – poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1: Expression increased
in neonatal Borna disease in rats (hippocampus and cerebellar granule
cells) Williams
et al, 2008
PDYN Prodynorphin: Encephalitis produced by the Borna disease
virus in the rat caused epileptic responses and dynorphin to disappear
via dentate granule cell loss, failed neurogenesis and poor survival
of new neurons Solbrig
et al, 2006.
PENK proenkephalin: Borna disease virus infection of adult rats
results in an increase in striatal preproenkephalin transcripts
Solbrig
et al, 2002
Peroxynitrite: CNS inflammatory response to neurotropic virus
infection likely to be dependent upon the activity of ONOO(-) or
its products on the blood-brain barrier Hooper
et al, 2001
PFKP phosphofructokinase, platelet: Decreased cerebellar mRNA
in infected rats Williams
et al, 2007
POMC – proopiomelanocortin: Cerebral expression of enkephalin
increased by infection in rats Fu
et al, 1993
POU4F1 POU class 4 homeobox 1 : expression decreased in neuronal
progenitor cells expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
PRF1 – perforin 1 (pore forming protein): Involved in the
hippocampal cell death induced by the virus in IFNG knckout mice
Richter
et al, 2009
PRKCE – protein kinase C, epsilon: Phosphorylates the viral
P protein Schwemmle
et al, 1997
PTGS2 – prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin
G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) : CNS expression upregulated by
infection Morimoto
et al, 1996
PYGL phosphorylase, glycogen, liver: Cerebellar and hippocampal
expression increased by neonatal infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
RAB5A RAB5A, member RAS oncogene family; required during clathrin
mediated endocytosis Clemente
and de la Torre 2009.
RBMX RNA binding motif protein, X-linked: required for the maintenance
of Borna disease virus nuclear viral factories Hirai
et al, 2015.
RPS6KA1 – ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide
1 [Homo sapiens]:Fos and RPS6KA1 downregulated in infected PC12
cells Hans
et al, 2001
RYR1 ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal): Cerebellar and hippocampal
expression increased by neonatal infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
RYR3 ryanodine receptor 3 : Cerebellar and hippocampal expression
increased by neonatal infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
S100B – S100 calcium binding protein B: Expression reduced
in BDV-infected rat brains Ohtaki
et al, 2007
Serotonin cortical and cerebellar levels of noradrenaline and
5-HT were significantly greater in BDV-infected rats than control
animals at postnatal days 60 and 90 Pletnikov
et al, 2000.
SLC1A6 – solute carrier family 1 (high affinity aspartate/glutamate
transporter), member 6 (EAAT4): cerebellar expression decreased
after neonatal Borna disease virus infection in the Lewis rat Williams
et al, 2007
SLC3A2 solute carrier family 3 (amino acid transporter heavy chain),
member 2: Cerebellar and hippocampal expression increased by neonatal
infection in rats Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
SLC6A3 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter),
member 3 (dopamine transporter): dopamine uptake sites, labeled
with [3H] mazindol, reduced in medial caudate-putamen in infected
rats Solbrig
et al, 1998
SLC7A11 solute carrier family 7 (anionic amino acid transporter
light chain, xc- system), member 11 (cysteine/glutamate antiporter):
BDV infection incresaes brain glutamate levels and did not alter
the effects of a blockade of glutamate transporters but attenuated
the effects of an inhibition of the cystine-GLU antiporter Ovanesov
et al, 2007
SLC18A3 – solute carrier family 18 (vesicular acetylcholine),
member 3: Prominent cholinergic neuronal degeneration in bornavirus
infected rats chartacterised by loss of Chat, ACHE and SLC18A3 Gies
et al, 2001
SLC30A3 solute carrier family 30 (zinc transporter), member 3:
expression decreased in the rat hippocampus following infection
Williams
et al, 2006
SMAD7 SMAD family member 7 : Expression increased in BDV-infected
C6 glial cells Nishino
et al, 2015
STMN2 stathmin 2: expression decreased in neuronal progenitor
cells expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
STXBP1 – syntaxin binding protein 1: reduced phosphorylation
by protein kinase C of proteins that regulate synaptic vesicle recycling
following infection (MARCKS and STXBP1) Volmer
et al, 2006
SYN1 – synapsin I: Phosphorylation modified along with synaptic
recycling by infection Volmer
et al, 2006
SYNCRIP synaptotagmin binding, cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein:
interacts with the 5' untranslated region of viral X/P mRNA Watanabe
et al, 2009
SYP – synaptophysin: Expression decreased by infection in
PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001
TBK1 – TANK-binding kinase 1: the viral P protein is phosphorylated
by TBK-1 Unterstab
et al, 2005
TGFB1 – transforming growth factor, beta 1: Rat brain expression
increased by infection, as is also the expression of TGF receptors
TGFBR1, TGFBR2 Nishino
et al, 2009
TGFB2 – transforming growth factor, beta 2 : Infusion transiently
reduces the effects of infection in rats Stitz
et al, 1991
TH Tyrosine hydroxylase: Expression decreased by infection in
PC12 cells Hans
et al, 2001 expression decreased in neuronal progenitor cells
expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
TNF – tumor necrosis factor : activation of microglia in
BDV-infected mixed cultures produces a greater lipopolysaccharide-induced
release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta, and interleukin
10 Ovanesov
et al, 2006.
TNFRSF1A – tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member
1A: Expression increased in brain following infection in mice Kramer
et al, 2012
TNFRSF1B – tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member
1B: Expression increased in brain following infection in mice Kramer
et al, 2012
TNR – tenascin R: hippocampal expression increased after
neonatal Borna disease virus infection in the Lewis rat Williams
et al, 2006 expression decreased in neuronal progenitor cells
expressing the viral phosphoprotein Scordel
et al, 2015
TOP1 topoisomerase (DNA) I : interacts with the 5' untranslated
region of viral X/P mRNA Watanabe
et al, 2009
TP53 – tumor protein p53: The Bornavirus P protein inhibits
p53 activity via binding to HMGB1 Zhang
et al, 2003.
UGGT1 UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase 1: Cerebellar
and hippocampal expression increased by neonatal infection in rats
Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
VCAM1 – vascular cell adhesion molecule 1: Expressiun reduced
in infected rat brains Ohtaki
et al, 2007
XBP1 – X-box binding protein 1: enhanced PERK-mediated phosphorylation
of eif2alpha (EIF2S1) and concomitant regulation of ATF4 translation;
IRE1-mediated splicing of XBP1 mRNA; and cleavage of the ATF6 protein
in neonatal bornavirus infected rat brains Williams
and Lipkin, 2006
XCL1 – chemokine (C motif) ligand 1 (lymphotactin) , CCL4
(MIP-1ß), CCL5 (RANTES), CCL2 (MCP-1), and CXCL10 (Mob-1/IP-10)
expression upregilated by infection in rats Sauder
et al, 2000
XPO1 – exportin 1 (CRM1 homolog, yeast) involved in nuclear
shuttling of the virus Yanai
et al, 2006
Metabolites altered by infection in cultured human oligodendroglia
cells. Huang
et al, 2012 UP:Valine Tyrosine Phenylalanine
Threonine Creatine Glutamate Isoleucine NAD+ Choline Glutamine Formate
Aspartate Succinate Alanine Down Pyruvate Acetate
Glycine Myo-inositol Histidine a-Glucose Lactate LeucineN-acetyl
aspartate
Metabolites altered by infection in the hippocampi of asymptomatic
borna disease virus-infected horses: lower levels of D-myo-inositol-1-phosphate,
glutamate, phosphoethanolamine, heptadecanoic acid, and linoleic
acid in combination with a higher level of ammonia Zhang
et al, 2014
Bulk experiments
Borna disease virus phosphoprotein impairs the developmental program
controlling neurogenesis and reduces human GABAergic neurogenesis
Scordel
et al, 2015.
10 genes known to be involved in either neuronal specification (APOE,
TNR, NOG) or neuronal maturation and survival (TH, POU4F1, ADORA2A,
BDNF, ACHE) or glial differentiation (BMP4, OLIG2) were downregulated
by the expression of the viral bdv-p gene in human neuronal progenitor
cells.
Persistent human Borna disease virus infection modifies the
acetylome of human oligodendroglia cells towards higher energy and
transporter levels Liu
et al, 2015.
Upregulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein
3 in Astrocytes of Transgenic Mice That Express Borna Disease Virus
Phosphoprotein Honda
et al, 2011
Identification of host factors involved in borna disease
virus cell entry through a small interfering RNA functional genetic
screen.Clemente
et al, 2010
Identification of host factors involved in borna disease
virus cell entry through a small interfering RNA functional genetic
screen Clemente
et al, 2010
A higher prevalence for BDV RNA was demonstrated in patients with
viral encephalitis (6.70%), Guillain-Barré syndrome (6.70%),
schizophrenia (9.90%) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) (12.70%)
compared to healthy controls in China: The prevalences of viral
p24 antibodies in plasma from patients with viral encephalitis (13.24%),
multiple sclerosis (25.00%) and Parkinson's disease (22.73%) were
significantly higher than healthy controls.Zhang
et al, 2014