ADAM17 ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (tace): cleaves the viral glycoprotein
Dolnik
et al, 2004
This shed form binds and activates non-infected dendritic cells
and macrophages and induces the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory
cytokines TNF, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL12B, IL1RN and IL10 Escudero-Pérez
et al, 2014
AHCY adenosylhomocysteinase: Inhibitors block viral replication Huggins
et al, 1999
AKT1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 : inhibition inhibits
entry of viral particles Saeed
et al, 2008
AP-2 (multimeric complex of AP2A1 AP2A2 AP2B1 AP2M1 AP2S1) viral entry
requires the cargo recognition proteins Eps15 and DAB2 as well as the
clathrin adaptor protein AP-2 Bhattacharyya
et al, 2011.
ARF1 ADP-ribosylation factor 1: involved in Ebolavirus virion formation
Yamayoshi
et al, 2010
CANX calnexin: involved in folding of the glycoproteins of many enveloped
viruses, including the filoviruses Chang
et al, 2013
CASP8 caspase 8: downregulated in viral glycoprotein-expressing human
umbilical vein endothelial cells Sheng
et al, 2014
CCL2 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand2 (MCP-1) : direct infection of human
peripheral blood mononuclear cells results in the induction of MCP-1,
MIP-1alpha, RANTES, and TNF-alpha as early as 24 h p.i. in response
to live virus Gupta
et al, 2001
CD44 molecule (Indian blood group): increase in expression in mouse
CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells late in infection, preceding a dramatic rebound
of lymphocyte numbers in the blood (after pronounced lyphocyte apoptosis)
Bradfute
et al, 2008.
CD209 CD209 molecule (DC-SIGN) : C-type lectins DC-SIGN and L-SIGN
mediate cellular entry by Ebola virus in cis and in trans Alvarez
et al, 2002
CFLAR CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator: downregulated in viral
glycoprotein-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells Sheng
et al, 2014
CLEC4M C-type lectin domain family 4, member M (L-SIGN): C-type lectins
DC-SIGN and L-SIGN mediate cellular entry by Ebola virus in cis and
in trans Alvarez
et al, 2002
CLEC6A C-type lectin domain family 6, member A : candidate viral attachment
factor Brudner
et al, 2013
CLTC clathrin, heavy chain (Hc): Ebola virus uses clathrin-mediated
endocytosis as an entry pathway Bhattacharyya
et al, 2010.
CTBP1 C-terminal binding protein 1: Inhibition inhibits viral cellular
entry Saeed
et al, 2010
CTSB: Cathepsins B and L activate Ebola but not Marburg virus glycoproteins
for efficient entry into cell lines and macrophages Gnirss
et al, 2012
CTSL cathepsin L: Cathepsins B and L activate Ebola but not Marburg
virus glycoproteins for efficient entry into cell lines and macrophages
Gnirss
et al, 2012
Cyanovirin-N
produced by cyanobacteria binds to the viral surface glycoprotein,
GP1,2 and inhibits viral infectivity Barrientos
et al, 2003.
Cytokine storms: fatal outcome in infected humans associated with
hypersecretion of numerous proinflammatory cytokines (IL1B, IL1RN, IL6,
IL8, IL15 and IL16), chemokines and growth factors (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4,
CCL11, CSF1, MIF, CXCL1, CXCL10) Wauquier
et al, 2010
DAB2 Dab, mitogen-responsive phosphoprotein, homolog 2 : viral entruy
requires the cargo recognition proteins Eps15 and DAB2 as well as the
clathrin adaptor protein AP-2 Bhattacharyya
et al, 2011.
DAG1 dystroglycan 1 (dystrophin-associated glycoprotein 1): downregulated
in viral glycoprotein-expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Sheng
et al, 2014
DDX58 DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58: VP35 blocks activation
of IRF-3 induced by overexpression of RIG-I (DDX58),Cárdenas
et al, 2006
DICER1 dicer 1, ribonuclease type III viral VP30 interacts with Dicer
independently of siRNA and with one Dicer partner, TARBP2, only in the
presence of siRNA Fabozzi
et al, 2011
DYNLL1 dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1: Binds to viral VP35 Kubota
et al, 2009
EIF2A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A, 65kDa: phosphorylation
of PKR and eIF-2alpha suppressed in cells expressing the VP35 protein
Feng
et al, 2007.
EIF5A eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A: activated EIF5A
required for viral replication Olsen
et al, 2016
EIF2AK2 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2
(pkr): Inhibited by viral vp35 Feng
et al, 2007
EMILIN1 elastin microfibril interfacer 1 : Interacts with viral glycoprotein
1Veljkovic
et al, 2015
EXT1 exostosin glycosyltransferase 1: siRNA knockdown of EXT1 impairs
GP-mediated pseudoviral entry and that of infectious Ebolaand Marburb
viruses in tissue cultured cells O'Hearn
et al, 2015.
F3 coagulation factor III (thromboplastin, tissue factor): plays an
important role in triggering the hemorrhagic complications that characterize
ebola virus infections Geisbert
et al, 2003
F7 coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator):Plasma
levels decreased in infected monkeys from 1 days post-infection Geisbert
et al, 2003
Fibrin deposition in infected monkeys from day 2 post-infection closely
associated with the viral antigen (from fibrinogen(s) cleavage (FGA
FGB FGG ) Geisbert
et al, 2003
FOLR1 folate receptor 1 (adult): cofactor for cellular entry for marburg
and ebola viruses Chan
et al, 2001
FURIN furin (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme)I. processes
the viral glycoprotein Volchkov
et al, 1998
GANAB glucosidase, alpha; neutral AB : Host cellular endoplasmic reticulum
a-glucosidases I and II are essential for the maturation of viral glycosylated
envelope proteins that use the calnexin mediated folding pathway (including
Ebola) Chang
et al, 2013. endoplasmic reticulum alpha glucosidases include GAA
GABAB GANC and MOGS
GAS6 growth arrest-specific 6 : Axl/Gas6, as well as other phosphatidylserine
receptors, facilitate entry of dengue, West Nile, and Ebola viruses
Morizono
and Chen 2014.
GBF1 golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor
1 : involved in Ebolavirus virion formation Yamayoshi
et al, 2010
GSK3B glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta: phosphorylates the antiviral
protein ZC3HAV1 (active against HIV-1, Ebola, Marburg and Sindbis virus.)
and GSK3B inhibition decreases its antiviral activity Sun
et al, 2012
KPNA5 karyopherin alpha 5 (importin alpha 6): Binds to viral VP24
Xu
et al, 2014
HAVCR1 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (Tim-1): phosphatidylserine
binding residues of the TIM-1 IgV domain are critical for Ebola virus
entry via direct interaction with phosphatidylserine on the viral envelope
Moller-Tank
et al, 2013.
HAVCR2 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2: (Tim-3): TIM-1, TIM-3
and TIM-4 block the release of HIV-1, as well as that of murine leukemia
virus and Ebola virus Li
et al, 2014
Heparan sulfate: heparan sulfate, heparin, and other related glycosaminoglycans
, to different extents, can bind to and block GP-mediated viral entry
and that of infectious filoviruses. O'Hearn
et al, 2015.
HNRNPC heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (C1/C2) : binds to
viral vp24 Shabman
et al, 2011
HSPA8 Heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8: interacts with
the viral trailer Sztuba-Solinska
et al, 2016
ICAM1 Induction of the major histocompatibility complex class I family
of genes, 2'-5'(A)N, interleukin-6 (IL-6), PKR, interferon (IFN)-regulatory
factor-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by dsRNA in
human umbilical vein endothelial cells is suppressed by infection with
the filovirus Ebola-Zaire Harcourt
et al, 1998
IFITM1 interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (also IFITM2 IFITM3)
IFITM proteins restrict infection mediated by the entry glycoproteins
(GP(1,2)) of Marburg and Ebola filoviruses Huang
et al, 2011
IFNA1 interferon, alpha 1 : Viral VP35 inhibits interferon alpha and
beta production induced by TLR3 or TLR4 agonists Yen
et al, 2014
IFNB1 interferon, beta 1, fibroblast: Viral VP35 inhibits interferon
alpha nd beta production induced by TLR3 or TLR4 agonists Yen
et al, 2014
IFNG interferon, gamma: High serum levels in infected patients Villinger
et al, 1999
IKBKE inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells,
kinase epsilon: binds to VP35 Prins
et al, 2009
IL1B interleukin 1, beta : The shed viral glycoprotein binds and activates
non-infected dendritic cells and macrophages inducing the secretion
of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL12B,
and IL1RN, IL10) Escudero-Pérez
et al, 2014.
IL1RN Interleikin 1 receptor antagonist : Knockout enhances susceptibility
to infection Hill-Batorski
et al, 2015
IL4 interleukin 4 Increased levels of IL6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL2,
IL4, IL8, IL10, and GM-CSF were detected in infected monkeys Hutchinson
et al, 2001
IL6 interleukin 6: The shed viral glycoprotein binds and activates
non-infected dendritic cells and macrophages inducing the secretion
of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL12B,
and IL1RN, IL10) Escudero-Pérez
et al, 2014.
IL8 interleukin 8 (CXCL8): The shed viral glycoprotein binds and activates
non-infected dendritic cells and macrophages inducing the secretion
of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL12B,
and IL1RN, IL10) Escudero-Pérez
et al, 2014.
ILF3 interleukin enhancer binding factor 3, 90kDa : binds to viral
VP35 Shabman
et al, 2011
IQGAP1 IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1: Binds to VP40
Lu
et al, 2013
IRF3 interferon regulatory factor 3: viral VP35 blocks virus-induced
IRF-3 phosphorylation and subsequent IRF-3 dimerization and nuclear
translocation Basler
et al, 2003
IRF7 interferon regulatory factor 7: viral VP35 interacts with IRF7,
UBE2I and PIAS1 Chang
et al, 2009
ITCH Itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase: interacts with viral evp40
Han
et al, 2016
ITGA5 integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide)
: alpha(5)beta(1)-integrin is required for efficient infection by pseudovirions
bearing the ebolavirus glycoprotein Schornberg
et al, 2009.
ITGAM integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit):
the secreted viral glycoprotein alters the physical linkage between
FCGR3B and CR3 Kindzelskii
et al, 2000.
ITGB1 integrin, beta 1 (fibronectin receptor, beta polypeptide, antigen
CD29 includes MDF2, MSK12): alpha(5)beta(1)-integrin is required for
efficient infection by pseudovirions bearing the ebolavirus glycoprotein
Schornberg
et al, 2009.
ITGB2 integrin, beta 2 (complement component 3 receptor 3 and 4 subunit)
: the secreted viral glycoprotein alters the physical linkage between
FCGR3B and CR3 Kindzelskii
et al, 2000.
ITGB3 integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61)
: The viral glycoprotein downregulates ITGA5/ITGB3 in endothelial cells
Sullivan
et al, 2005
KPNA1 karyopherin alpha 1 (importin alpha 5): The ability of hnRNP
C1/C2 to bind KPNA1 is diminished in the presence of viral VP24, Shabman
et al, 2011
KPNA5 karyopherin alpha 5 (importin alpha 6): Viral VP24 inhibits
interaction of phosphorylated STAT1 with karyopherins alpha1, alpha5,
or alpha6 by binding within the P-STAT1 binding region of the karyopherins
Reid
et al, 2007
KPNA6 karyopherin alpha 6 (importin alpha 7) : Viral VP24 inhibits
interaction of phosphorylated STAT1 with karyopherins alpha1, alpha5,
or alpha6 by binding within the P-STAT1 binding region of the karyopherins
Reid
et al, 2007
MAP2K1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) phosphorylated
by infection in hepatocytes Kindrachuk
et al, 2014
MAP3K8 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase : activated
by viral VP35 Gantke
et al, 2013
MAPK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1: VP24 blocks IFN-ß-stimulated
phosphorylation of MAPK1 Halfmann
et al, 2011
MAPK8 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8: phosphorylated by infection
in hepatocytes Kindrachuk
et al, 2014
MBL2 mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2, soluble: shed viral glycoprotein
activity is negated by addition of MBL2, a molecule known to interact
with sugar arrays present on the surface of different microorganisms
Escudero-Pérez
et al, 2014.
MERTK MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase: expression of MERTK, integrin
ITGA5, and NPC1 are required for viral glycoprotein-mediated transduction
and infection of macrophages Dahlmann
et al, 2015.
MIR1246 microRNA 1246: microRNAs hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-320a and hsa-miR-196b-5p
were induced in human umbilical vein endothelial cells following expression
of the viral glycoprotein Sheng
et al, 2014.
MYD88 myeloid differentiation primary response 88 : viral particles
trigger host responses through toll-like receptor pathway utilizing
2 distinct adaptors, MyD88 and TICAM1 (TRIF). Ayithan
et al, 2014
NEDD4 neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated
4, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase: plays a role in viral budding and egress
Yasuda
et al, 2003
NFKB1 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells
1 : activated by the virus in dendritic cells Martinez
et al, 2007
NPC1 Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 : Binds the viral glycoprotein
Lee
et al, 2013
ORAI1 ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1: expression
of matrix proteins from both filoviruses and arenaviruses triggers an
increase in host cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration by a mechanism that
requires host Orai1 channels Han
et al, 2015
OSBPL1A oxysterol binding protein-like 1A (orp1L): RILP and ORP1L
control Ebola virus infection at the level of late endosomal fusion
van
der Kant et al, 2013.
PAK1 p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1: Inhibition inhibits
viral cellular entry Saeed
et al, 2010
PARP1 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1: Cleaved during a necrotic (not
apoptotic) pathway induced by the virus Olejnik
et al, 2013
PCSK5 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 5: Recombinant enzyme
cleaves peptides from the viral glycoprotein Basak
et al, 2001
PCSK7 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 : Recombinant
enzyme cleaves peptides from the viral glycoprotein Basak
et al, 2001
PDCD6IP programmed cell death 6 interacting protein (alix); : interacts
with viral VP40 Han
et al, 2015
PDPK1 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1: phosphorylated
by infection in hepatocytes Kindrachuk
et al, 2014
Phosphatidylserine regulates the assembly and budding of the Ebola
Virus Adu-Gyamfi
et al, 2015.
PIAS1 protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 1 : viral VP35 interacts
with IRF7, UBE2I and PIAS1 Chang
et al, 2009
PIK3R1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha): dominant
negative inhibits entry of viral particles Saeed
et al, 2008
Phosphatidyl 4,5 diphosphate PI(4,5)P2 stabilises or induced VP40
oligomerisation Johnson
et al, 2016
PLAT plasminogen activator, tissue: Plasma levels increased in infected
monkeys from 3 days post-infection Geisbert
et al, 2003
PLAU plasminogen activator, urokinase: Plasma levels increased in
infected monkeys from 3 days post-infection Geisbert
et al, 2003
PRF1 perforin 1 (pore forming protein): clearance of Ebola virus is
perforin-dependent Gupta
et al, 2005
PRKAA1 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit: Mouse
embryonic fibroblasts lacking the AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 catalytic subunits
were significantly less permissive to EBOV GP-mediated infection Kondratowicz
et al, 2013
PRKAA2 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit: Mouse
embryonic fibroblasts lacking the AMPKa1 and AMPKa2 catalytic subunits
were significantly less permissive to EBOV GP-mediated infection Kondratowicz
et al, 2013
PRKRA protein kinase, interferon-inducible double stranded RNA dependent
activator : Viral VP35 directly interacts with Dicer partners TRBP and
PRKRA Fabozzi
et al, 2011
PROC protein C (inactivator of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa):
rapid decrease in plasma levels following ebola virus infections Geisbert
et al, 2003
PTPRC protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C: mice expressing
reduced levels of this tyrosine phosphatase (aka CD45) are protected
against EBOV, whereas wild-type, CD45-deficient, or enzymatically inactive
CD45-expressing mice succumbed to infection Panchal
et al, 2009.
RAB1B RAB1B, member RAS oncogene family : involved in Ebolavirus virion
formation Yamayoshi
et al, 2010
RAB7A, member RAS oncogene family: Ebolavirus particles co-localize
with RAB7 Nanbo
et al, 2010.
RAB9A, member RAS oncogene family: required for viral replication
Murray
et al, 2005
RAC1 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small
GTP binding protein Rac1): inhibition of PI3K, Akt, or Rac1 disrupted
normal uptake of virus particles into cells Saeed
et al, 2008
RILP Rab interacting lysosomal protein: RILP and ORP1L control Ebola
virus infection at the level of late endosomal fusion van
der Kant et al, 2013.
SEC61A1 Sec61 alpha 1 subunit (S. cerevisiae): binds to viral vp24
Iwasa
et al, 2011
SMPD1 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal : Required
for infection Miller
et al, 2012
SNX5 sorting nexin 5: Ebolavirus particles co-localize with SNX5,
a marker of macropinocytosis-specific endosomes (macropinosomes) Nanbo
et al, 2010.
SOCS1 suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 : activated by TLR4 signalling
in infected cells Okumura
et al, 2010
STAT1 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa :
viral VP24 protein binds KPNA5 to inhibit phosphorylated STAT1 nuclear
transport and render cells refractory to interferons Xu
et al, 2014
STIM1 stromal interaction molecule 1: suppression of STIM1 (which
triggers Orai activation) and genetic inactivation or pharmacological
blockade of Orai1 channels inhibits virus-like particle and infectious
virus egress. Han
et al, 2015
SUMO1 small ubiquitin-like modifier 1: viral VP40 is SUMOylated in
vitro by SUMO1 and SUMO2 Baz-Martínez
et al, 2016
TFPI tissue factor pathway inhibitor (lipoprotein-associated coagulation
inhibitor) : downregulated in viral glycoprotein-expressing human umbilical
vein endothelial cells Sheng
et al, 2014
TGFB1 transforming growth factor, beta 1: Upregulated by infection
in hepatocytes Kindrachuk
et al, 2014
TICAM1 toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1: viral particles trigger
host responses through toll-like receptor pathway utilizing 2 distinct
adaptors, MyD88 and TICAM1 (TRIF). Ayithan
et al, 2014
TIMD4 T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4: TIM-1,
TIM-3 and TIM-4 block the release of HIV-1, as well as that of murine
leukemia virus and Ebola virus Li
et al, 2014
TLR4 toll-like receptor 4 : involved in the viral shed glycoprotein
activation af dendritic cells and macrophages and secretion of pro-
and anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL12B, IL1RN and
IL10 Escudero-Pérez
et al, 2014
TNF tumor necrosis factor: direct infection of human peripheral blood
mononuclear cells results in the induction of MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, RANTES,
and TNF-alpha as early as 24 h p.i. in response to live virus Gupta
et al, 2001
TNFSF10 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10 (Trail)
: nRNA upregulation in CD4 and CD8 T cells on day 7 post-infection (related
to lymphocyte death) Gupta
et al, 2007
UBE2I ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I: viral VP35 interacts with
IRF7, UBE2I and PIAS1 Chang
et al, 2009
VPS4A vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog A (S. cerevisiae): viral
VP40 can redirect VPS4, VPS28, and VPS37B from endosomes to the cell
surface independently of TSG101 interaction Silvestri
et al, 2007
VPS4B vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) see above
Silvestri
et al, 2007 .
WWP1 WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 : nteracts
with the PPxY motif of viral VP40 Han
et al, 2017
ZC3HAV1 zinc finger CCCH-type, antiviral 1 : acts against the Ebola
virus and Marburg virus Müller
et al, 2007
The temporal program of peripheral blood gene expression in the response
of nonhuman primates to Ebola hemorrhagic fever Rubins et al, 2007
Whole-Genome Expression Profiling Reveals That Inhibition of Host Innate
Immune Response Pathways by Ebola Virus Can Be Reversed by a Single
Amino Acid Change in the VP35 Protein Hartman
et al, 2008
Elucidation of the Ebola virus VP24 cellular interactome and disruption
of virus biology through targeted inhibition of host-cell protein function
García-Dorival
et al, 2014
Functional genomics reveals the induction of inflammatory
response and metalloproteinase gene expression during lethal Ebola virus
infection Cilloniz
et al, 2011.
Regulated genes in spleen samples of infected mice