Whitley RJ. Herpesviruses. In: Baron S, editor. Medical Microbiology. 4th edition. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston; 1996. Chapter 68. Available from: NCBI Bookshelf

Human cytomegalovirus Genome at NCBI

HCMV genes

Host proteins used by the human cytomegalovirus during its life cycle.

If you know of other direct interactions, (or corrections) please with Pubmed ID, gene symbol/accession number and viral interacting protein. Thank you.

To be mapped in KEGG pathways ACPP APC CASP9 CD1D DDB2 DDIT3 EED EZH1 FZR1 IKBKG IL26 KDM4E MIR17 MIR199A1 MIR20A PABPC1 PAIP2 SEMG1 SEMG2 SIRT1 SUZ12 UBR5

1. ABCA1 – ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1: HCMV infection leads to down-regulation of the ABCA1 transporter in macrohages Sanchez and Dong, 2010
2. ABCC1 – ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 1: degraded by latent human cytomegalovirus infection Weekes et al, 2013
3. ABI1 abl-interactor 1 Viral protein UL135 interacts directly with ABI1 and ABI2 to recruit the WAVE2 regulatory complex to the plasma membrane Stanton et al, 2014
4. ABI2 abl-interactor 2 See above Stanton et al, 2014
5. ABL1 – c-abl oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase: Inhibition of AMPK and ABL kinases reduce and inhibition of Aurora A kinase activate HCMV replication Corina et al, 2013
6. ACACA – acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha: HCMV infection induces expression of ACACA, ACLY, FASN, HMGCR, and SCD in human foreskin fibroblastsYu et al, 2012
7. ACLY – ATP citrate lyase: HCMV infection induces expression of ACACA, ACLY, FASN, HMGCR, and SCD in human foreskin fibroblastsYu et al, 2012
8. ACPP acid phosphatase, prostate: an amyloid derivative (semen-derived enhancer of viral infection or SEVI ): seminal plasma , SEVI, and semenogelin amyloids enhance human and murine cytomegalovirus infection in cell culture Tang et al, 2013
9. ACTB – actin, beta: repressed by HCMV infection in cell culture Schaarschmidt et al, 1999
10. ACTN1 – actinin, alpha 1: suppressed by infection in human foetal foreskin fibroblasts Stanton et al, 2007
11. ACTR2 ARP2 actin-related protein 2 homolog (yeast) : viral UL84 binding partner Gao et al, 2008
12. ACVR1B activin A receptor type 1B: targeted by viral nicroRNA miR-UL148D Lau et al, 2016
13. ADAR adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific: Upregulated by infection of Human foreskin fibroblasts Nachmani et al, 2014
14. AGO2 – argonaute RISC catalytic component 2: enhances suppression of human cytomegalovirus replication by polycistronic short hairpin RNAs targeting UL46, UL70 and UL122 Shao et al, 2011
15. AGTR1 – angiotensin II receptor, type 1: activated by infection in human cerebral artery vascular smooth muscle cells Wang et al, 2008
16. AGTR2 – angiotensin II receptor, type 2: activated by infection in human cerebral artery vascular smooth muscle cells Wang et al, 2008
17. AKT1 – v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 : signalling suppressed by infection in human aortic endothelial cells Shen et al, 2006
18. ALOX5 – arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase: HCMV infection induces ALOX5 expression and leukotriene B4 production in vascular smooth muscle cells Qiu et al, 2008.
19. AMD1 – adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1: induced by infection in human diploid embryonic lung cells White et al, 1994
20. ANAPC1 – anaphase promoting complex subunit 1: Nuclear/cytoplasmic distribution modified by infection Tran et al, 2008
21. ANAPC4 – anaphase promoting complex subunit 4 : expression of viral pUL21a involved in proteasome-dependent degradation of APC subunits APC4 and APC5 Fehr et al, 2012
22. ANAPC5 – anaphase promoting complex subunit 5: See Fehr et al, 2012
23. ANPEP – alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase (CD13) : Binds to viral UL105 Zhang et al, 2010 Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
24. ANXA1– annexin A1: TGOLN2, endosomal markers early endosomal antigen 1, annexin I, transferrin receptor and CD63, and the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (IGF2R) are incorporated into the viral envelope(transit between the trans-golgi network and endosomes) Cepeda et al, 2010
25. ANXA2 – annexin A2: Binds to the virus Wright et al, 1994 viral UL84 binding partner Gao et al, 2008
26. ANXA5 – annexin A5: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
27. ANXA6 – annexin A6: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
28. AP2M1 – adaptor-related protein complex 2, mu 1 subunit: subunit knockdown inhibits viral US28 entry Fraile-Ramos et al, 2003
29. AP2B1 – adaptor-related protein complex 2, beta 1 subunit: Involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of viral US28 Droese et al, 2004
30. APC – adenomatous polyposis coli : viral pUL97 promotes degradation of APC subunits Fehr et al, 2012
31. APOBEC3A apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3A: induced by HCMV in decidual tissues where it efficiently restricts HCMV replication, thereby acting as an intrinsic innate immune effector at the maternal-fetal interface Pautasso et al, 2018.
32. APOBEC3G and to a lesser degree APOBEC3F, but not APOBEC3A, gene products are upregulated in HCMV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts Pautasso et al, 2018..
33. APOE – apolipoprotein E: APOE-epsilon4 carriers (human) had significantly lower levels of CRP and significantly higher levels of CMV antibodies Aiello et al, 2008
34. APP amyloid precursor protein : The virus increases beta-amyloid deposition in fibroblasts Lurain et al, 2013
35. AREG – amphiregulin: Upregulated by HCMV infection of salivary glands Melnick et al, 2013
36. ARF4 – ADP-ribosylation factor 4: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
37. ARF5 – ADP-ribosylation factor 5: FIP4 binds to viral glycoprotein M blocking FIP4 interaction with arf5/arf6 Krzyzaniak et al, 2009
38. ARF6 – ADP-ribosylation factor 6: see above Krzyzaniak et al, 2009
39. ARG2 arginase 2: expression increased by infection in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells Yaiw et al, 2014
40. ARID5A AT rich interactive domain 5A (MRF1-like) : binds to the modulator located upstream of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate early gene enhancer Huang et al,1996.
41. ARID5B AT rich interactive domain 5B (MRF1-like): represses expression from the cytomegalovirus enhancer: Dallas et al, 2000
42. ARRB2 – arrestin, beta 2;US28 is constitutively phosphorylated by GRKs in cells and in consequence, beta-arrestin 2 is localized to the plasma membraneMiller et al, 2003
43. ATF1 – activating transcription factor 1: stimulation of the cAMP signaling pathway alleviates major immediate-early enhancer/promoter silencing in quiescently infected NT2 neuronal precursors, an effect associated with the phosphorylation of ATF1 and CREB1 Keller et al, 2007
44. ATF4 – activating transcription factor 4 (tax-responsive enhancer element B67): HCMV infection activates ATF4 via EIF2A Isler et al, 2005.
45. ATF5 activating transcription factor 5 : HCMV infection suppressed apoptosis in glioblastoma U87 cells by regulating the expression of ATF5 Wang et al, 2014.
46. ATF6 – activating transcription factor 6: HCMV infection induces the unfolded protein response via the three branches of UPR signaling, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), to favor viral replication Isler et al, 2005.
47. ATM – ataxia telangiectasia mutated: P53 phosphorylation by viral protein IE1-72 expression alone or HCMV infection is dependent on the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase Castillo et al, 2005.
48. ATP1B1 – ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, beta 1 polypeptide: interacts with the HCMV UL136 protein Cui et al, 2011
49. ATP6V0C ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 16kDa, V0 subunit c: essential for viral replication. Pavelin et al, 2014.
50. ATP6V1A ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 70kDa, V1 subunit A: Knockdown of either ATP6V1A or ATP6V1H reduces HCMV replication Pavelin et al, 2014.
51. ATP6V1H ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 50/57kDa, V1 subunit H Pavelin et al, 2014.
52. ATRX – alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked : Daxx/ATRX-mediated repression of a latency-associated transcript (Luna) during lytic infection requires viral IE72 gene expression Reeves et al, 2010
53. AURKA – aurora kinase A: Inhibition of AMPK and ABL kinases reduce and inhibition of Aurora A kinase activate HCMV replication Corina et al, 2013
54. AXIN1 – axin 1: CMV infection increases expression in stem cells Kapoor et al, 2013
55. BAG1 – BCL2-associated athanogene: binds and enhances transcriptional activity of the Cytomegalovirus early gene promoter Takahashi et al, 2001
56. BAX – BCL2-associated X protein: Viral protein vMIA binds to Bax Ma et al, 2012
57. B2M – beta-2-microglobulin : Binds to the virus Grundy et al, 1987
58. BCL2 – B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2: lower bcl-2 mRNA and higher fas mRNA expression levels in HCMV infected human embryonic lung fibroblasts Nie et al, 2005
59. BCL3 – B-cell CLL/lymphoma 3: binds to the viral major immediate-early promoter in acutely HCMV-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages Khan et al, 2009
60. BCLAF1 BCL2-associated transcription factor 1: down-regulated by viral miR-UL112-1 Lee et al, 2012
61. BECN1 – beclin 1, autophagy related: HCMV protein TRS1 inhibits autophagy via interaction with Beclin 1 Chaumorcel et al, 2012.
62. BICD1 – bicaudal D homolog 1 (Drosophila): binds to the viral protein pp150 through a dynein- and microtubule-dependent mechanism Indran and Britt, 2011
63. BID – BH3 interacting domain death agonist : The viral mitochondria-localized inhibitor of apoptosis recruits Bax to mitochondria but delays relocation of caspase-8-activated truncated Bid to mitochondria Poncet et al, 2004
64. BIRC5 – baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5 (survivin) : Neutralization of IL-6 receptor on ECs abolished the ability of HCMV secretome to increase survivin expression Botto et al, 2011
65. BMX BMX non-receptor tyrosine kinase: upregulated by infection in glioma cell lines and primary glioma stem-like cells Fiallos et al, 2014
66. BST2 – bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (tetherin): enhances CMV viral entry into cells Viswanathan et al, 2011
67. BTLA – B and T lymphocyte associated: Binds to viral UL144 Cheung et al, 2005
68. BUB3 – BUB3 mitotic checkpoint protein : interacts with HCMV oriLyt DNA Kagele et al, 2012
69. CALR – calreticulin: calnexin, calreticulin and BiP (HSPA5) are associated with viral US2 , and play a role in targeting class I antigens for destruction Oresic and Tortorella, 2008
70. CAMKK1 – calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 1, alpha: HCMV infection increases the levels of CaMKK1 mRNA and protein McArdle et al, 2011
71. CAMKK2 – calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, beta: blocks HCMV-mediated AMPK activation McArdle et al, 2012
72. CAMP – cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide: Treatment of cell cultures with neutralizing antibodies directed against alpha-defensins, EDN (RNASE2) , and CAMP significantly reduces the antiviral effect of leukotriene B4, suggesting that LTB(4) may act through the release of antimicrobial peptides Gaudreault and Gosselin , 2007
73. CANX – calnexin: calnexin, calreticulin and BiP are associated with viral US2 , and play a role in targeting class I antigens for destruction Oresic and Tortorella, 2008
74. CAPN1 calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit: mediates the degradation of viral UL112-113 proteins Wang et al, 2015
75. CAPN2 calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit mediates the degradation of viral UL112-113 proteins Wang et al, 2015
76. CASP1 – caspase 1, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase: Viral UL29/28 and pUL38 contribute to the inhibition of p21CIP1 and caspase 1 expression Savaryn et al, 2013
77. CASP3 – caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase: Upregulated by infection in monocytes Chan et al, 2012
78. CASP8 caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase: activity increased at 72 hrs post-infection in infected human foreskin fibroblasts Lee et al, 2013
79. CASP9 caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase: activated by infection in neural stem/progenitor cells Nakamura et al, 2013
80. CAV1 – caveolin 1, caveolae protein, 22kDa: syncytiotrophoblasts from placentas with high neutralizing HCMV titers contained viral DNA and caveolin-1-positive vesicles in which IgG and CMV glycoprotein B co-localized (suggested uptake of the virus via FCRn receptor (FCGRT) mediated IgG-virion transcytosis Maidji et al, 2006
81. CCL2 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2: binds to viral US28 receptor Kuhn et al, 1995
82. CCL3 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 : binds to viral US28 receptor Kuhn et al, 1995
83. CCL4– chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4-like 1: binds to viral US28 receptor Kuhn et al, 1995
84. CCL5 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 : binds to viral US28 receptor Kuhn et al, 1995
85. CCL14 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 14: binds to viral US28 receptor Richter et al, 2009
86. CCL22 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22: Expression activated by infection Poole et al, 2006
87. CCNA2 cyclin A2: The viral major tegument 150-kDa phosphoprotein binds to cyclin A2 Bogdanow et al, 2014
88. CCNB1 cyclin B1: Interacts with viral ul97 Graf et al, 2013
89. CCND1 – cyclin D1: One of the wnt target genes increased in intestinal epithelial cells in transgenic mice expressing US28 Bongers et al, 2010
90. CCNE1 – cyclin E1: The cyclin E gene is activated by the HCMV 86-kDa immediate early gene product (IE86): Bresnahan et al, 1998
91. CCNH cyclin H: interacts with viral protein UL97 Steingruber et al, 2016
92. CCNT1 – cyclin T1: CDK9 and cyclin T1 control the nuclear localization and activity of the viral regulator pUL69 Rechter et al, 2009 Interacts with viral ul97 Graf et al, 2013
93. CCR1 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 : CCR1, CCR2, CCR5, and CXCR4 downregulated on the cell surface of monocytes following HCMV infection Frascaroli et al, 2006
94. CCR2 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2: see above Frascaroli et al, 2006
95. CCR5: UL33, and UL78 heteromize with CCR5 Tadagaki et al, 2012
96. CD1D CD1d molecule: viral US2 protein interacts with CD1d and down-regulates invariant naturtal killer T cell activity Han et al, 2013.
97. CD4 downregulated in microglial cells by HCMV infection Lecointe et al, 2002
98. CD8A CD8a molecule : overexpression in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells resulted increases efficiency of viral replication and release of viral particles Marschall et al, 2005
99. CD14 – CD14 molecule: TLR4/LY96/CD14 complex contributes notably to HCMV-induced signaling and subsequent cytokine production in monocytes Yew et al, 2012
100. CD28 – CD28 molecule: Highly purified CD28(-) CD45RA(hi) CD8(+) T cells stimulated with viral peptide presented by autologous monocytes show early up-regulation of CD137 (TNFRSF9) and CD278 (ICOS), re-express CD28, and proliferate with high cloning efficiency Waller et al, 2007
101. CD36 – CD36 molecule (thrombospondin receptor): Upregulated by CMV infection in THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells Carlquist et al, 2004
102. CD40 – CD40 molecule, TNF receptor superfamily member 5: expression increased by infection in epithelial cells Maisch et al, 2002
103. CD44 – CD44 molecule (Indian blood group): upregulated on cytomegalovirus-infected human embryonic fibroblasts Ito et al, 1995
104. CD46 – CD46 molecule, complement regulatory protein: increased expression following infection of fibroblasts or glioblastoma cells with HCMV Spiller et al, 1996
105. CD55 – CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group) : increased expression following infection of fibroblasts or glioblastoma cells with HCMV Spiller et al, 1996
106. CD58 – CD58 molecule : upregulated on the surface of infected fibroblasts Grundy and Downes, 1993
107. CD63 – CD63 molecule: incorporated into the viral envelope(transit between the trans-golgi network and endosomes) Cepeda et al, 2010
108. CD69 – CD69 molecule marker of HCMV reactivation Petersen et al, 2011
109. CD83 – CD83 molecule: Vural UL18 proteins up-regulate CD83 expression on immature monocyte-derived dendritic cells Wagner et al, 2008
110. CD209 – CD209 molecule (DC-SIGN): involved in viral docking on monocyte-derived dendritic cells Haspot et al, 2012
111. CD226 – CD226 molecule: (DNAM-1): HCMV UL141 induces protects against natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis by downregulating PVR and PVRL2 cell surface expression: Both are ligands fror CD226 Prod'homme et al, 2010
112. CD274 upregulated by HCMV in human extravillous cytotrophoblast cell line HPT-8 Gong et al, 2014
113. CDC6 – cell division cycle 6: RNAi-mediated knock-down increases viral DNA replication Braun et al, 2012.
114. CDC42 cell division cycle 42 : Viral microRNA's UL112-1, US5-1, and US5-2 target multiple components of the host secretory pathway, including VAMP3, RAB5C, RAB11A, SNAP23, and CDC42 Hook et al, 2014
115. CDH1 – cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin (epithelial): Phosphorylated by viral UL97 Tran et al, 2010
116. CDH5 – cadherin 5, type 2 (vascular endothelium): decreased expression of lateral junction proteins (occludin and vascular endothelial cadherin) related to HCMV induced increased naïve monocyte transendothelial migration Bentz et al, 2006
117. CDK9 – cyclin-dependent kinase 9: CDK9 and cyclin T1 control the nuclear localization and activity of the viral regulator pUL69: Several CDK / cyclin complexes are able to phosphorylate pUL69 including CDK1-CCNB1, CDK7-CCNH-MNAT1 and CDK2-CCNE1 Rechter et al, 2009.
118. CDKN1A – cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21, Cip1): Viral UL29/28 and pUL38 contribute to the inhibition of p21CIP1 and caspase 1 expression Savaryn et al, 2013
119. CDKN1B – cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27, Kip1): Cellular levels decreased by infection Chen et al, 2001
120. CDKN2A – cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A: IE1-72 activates the p53 pathway by increasing CDKN2A levels and by inducing the phosphorylation of p53 (via ATM) Castillo et al, 2005.
121. CDT1 – chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1: Viral IE86 interacts with Cdt1 Poole et al, 2012
122. CEBPA CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha: HCMV infection increases the expression of the full-length C/EBPa isoform (p42) especially during the late stage of infection Lee and Kim, 2016
123. CFL1 – cofilin 1 (non-muscle): Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
124. CFLAR – CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (c-flip): viral IE2 simultaneously protects infected retinal cells from undergoing apoptotic death, in part, by activating the expression of c-FLIP Chiou et al, 2006
125. CHAF1A – chromatin assembly factor 1, subunit A (p150): binds to to viral immediate-early protein 2 (IE2) Lee et al 2011
126. CHAF1B – chromatin assembly factor 1, subunit B (p60) : p150 interaction with p60 and IE2 facilitates HCMV DNA synthesis Lee et al 2011.
127. CHD4 – chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 : knockdown of the RBBP4 and CHD4 constituents of NuRD inhibits HCMV immediate-early RNA and viral DNA accumulation Terhune et al, 2010
128. CHMP1A – charged multivesicular body protein 1A: knockout blocks viral replication at a step after the accumulation of late viral proteins Tandon et al, 2009
129. CIITA class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator: HVMV decreases CIITA transcript levels in mature Langerhans cells Lee et al, 2011
130. CLEC7A – C-type lectin domain family 7, member A: Involved in antigen presentation in CMV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts Weck et al, 2008
131. CLTC – clathrin, heavy chain (Hc): associates with viral UL32 protein Moorman et al, 2010
132. CNTN5 – contactin 5: seven down- or up-regulated genes CRIM1 , WISP2 , COL12A1 , COL11A2 , CNTN5 , DDR1 , VEGF , are significantly correlated to rubella , HCMV and HSV-2 infections in ECV304 cells Mo et al, 2011
133. COL11A2 – collagen, type XI, alpha 2 : seven down- or up-regulated genes CRIM1 , WISP2 , COL12A1 , COL11A2 , CNTN5 , DDR1 , VEGF , are significantly correlated to rubella , HCMV and HSV-2 infections in ECV304 cells Mo et al, 2011
134. COL12A1 – collagen, type XII, alpha 1: See above Mo et al, 2011
135. CPEB1 cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1: highly induced after infection in vitro Batra et al, 2016
136. CREB1 – cAMP responsive element binding protein 1: VIP activates HCMV major immediate-early gene expression in Ntera2 cells via cellular protein kinase A (PKA), CREB, and TORC2 Yuan et al, 2009.
137. CREBBP – CREB binding protein: Binds to viral IE2 protein Hsu et al, 2004
138. CRIM1 – cysteine rich transmembrane BMP regulator 1 (chordin-like): seven down- or up-regulated genes CRIM1 , WISP2 , COL12A1 , COL11A2 , CNTN5 , DDR1 , VEGF , are significantly correlated to rubella , HCMV and HSV-2 infections in ECV304 cells Mo et al, 2011
139. CRP – C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related: APOE-epsilon4 carriers (human) had significantly lower levels of CRP and significantly higher levels of CMV antibodies Aiello et al, 2008
140. CRTC2 – CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 (Torc2) : VIP activates HCMV major immediate-early gene expression in Ntera2 cells via cellular protein kinase A (PKA), CREB, and TORC2 Yuan et al, 2009.
141. CSF1 – colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage): CSF1 and IL11 increased by HCMV in gingival fibroblasts Botero et al, 2008
142. CSF2 – colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage): Several cytokines were induced in HCMV secretomes from endothelial cells including IL6, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF2) , and IL8 Botto et al, 2011.
143. CSNK2A1 – casein kinase 2, alpha 1 polypeptide: viral UL84 binding partner Gao et al, 2008
144. CSNK2B casein kinase 2, beta polypeptide: Targeted by UL122 Pichlmair et al, 2012
145. CSTF2 – cleavage stimulation factor, 3' pre-RNA, subunit 2, 64kDa: HCMV infection increases the abundance of nucear CSTF2 Gaddy et al, 2010
146. CTBP1 C-terminal binding protein 1: associates with the viral major immediate early promoter Lee et al, 2015
147. CTCF CCCTC-binding factor (zinc finger protein) : Binds to the first intron of the viral Major Immediate-Early Gene Martinez et al, 2014
148. CTGF – connective tissue growth factor: viral IE1 stimulates the prolonged expression of CTGF and TIMP1 in fibroblasts Markiewicz et al, 2004.
149. CTNNB1 – catenin (cadherin-associated protein), beta 1, 88kDa: CMV infection decreases expression of beta catenin in stem cells Kapoor et al, 2013
150. CTSB – cathepsin B: HCMV infected DCs show decreased transcription rate of the MHC II-associated proteases cathepsins CTSS, CTSZ, CTSB, CTSH and CTSL1 and asparagine-specific endopeptidase (Legumain LGMN ) Kessler et al, 2008
151. CTSD cathepsin D: cytokeratin was lost through over-expression of Cathepsin D in parotid duct epithelial cells infected by HCMV Yang et al, 2005
152. CUX1 – cut-like homeobox 1: binds to the human CMV major immediate-early enhancer unique region Lee et al, 2007
153. CX3CL1 – chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1(fractalkine) : binds to viral US28 receptor Kledal et al, 1998
154. CX3CR1 CX3CR1 C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1(fractalkine receptor) : viral protein, vCXCL1 targets three chemokine receptors: CXCR1 and CXCR2 expressed on neutrophils and CXCR1 and CX3CR1 expressed on natural killer cells Yamin et al, 2016
155. CXCL12 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12: HCMV infection inhibits CXCL12- mediated migration and invasion of human extravillous cytotrophoblasts Warner et al, 2012.
156. CXCR1 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1: The cytomegalovirus UL146 gene product (viral CXCL1 homologue) targets both CXCR1 and CXCR2 as an agonist, displacing CXCL8 (IL8) Lüttichau, 2010.
157. CXCR2 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2: See above Lüttichau, 2010.
158. CXCR4 chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4: UL33, and UL78 heteromize with CXCR4 Tadagaki et al, 2012
159. CXCR7 – chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 7: HCMV infection significantly increased mRNA and total cell surface expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 in fetal-derived extravillous cytotrophoblasts Warner et al, 2012
160. CYCS – cytochrome c, somatic: Viral UL37 is a potent antiapoptotic protein, which prevents cytochrome c release from mitochondria Bozidis et al, 2008
161. CYP7A1 – cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 : HCMV infection significantly decreased CYP7A1 promoter activity in human HepG2 cells Michelini et al, 2012
162. DAXX – death-domain associated protein: virion tegument protein pp71 binds to Daxx Hofmann et al, 2002
163. DBH – dopamine beta-hydroxylase (dopamine beta-monooxygenase): persistent HCMV infection of neuroblastoma cells (> 1 year) increases expression of oncoproteins (i.e. N-myc) and decreases expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase Cinati et al, 1996
164. DCTD – dCMP deaminase: required for productive HCMV replication Gribaudo et al, 2003
165. DCTN1 – dynactin 1: Regulates intracellular location of the virus Clippinger and Alwine, 2012
166. DCX – doublecortin: nestin, doublecortin, sex-determining homeobox 2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression decreased by HCMV infection in neural progenitor cells Luo et al, 2010
167. DDA1 – DET1 and DDB1 associated 1: interacts with viral UL35 protein Salsman et al, 2012 :
168. DDB2 damage-specific DNA binding protein 2, 48kDa: a DDB2-ATM feedback loop regulates HCMV replication Xiaofei et al, 2013
169. DDIT3 DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (CHOP) Expression increased by infection in neural stem/progenitor cells Nakamura et al, 2013
170. DDB1 – damage-specific DNA binding protein 1, 127kDa : interacts with viral UL35 protein Salsman et al, 2012
171. DDOST – dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase subunit (non-catalytic) : associates with viral UL32 protein Moorman et al, 2010
172. DDR1 – discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1 : seven down- or up-regulated genes CRIM1 , WISP2 , COL12A1 , COL11A2 , CNTN5 (contactin 5), DDR1 , VEGF , are significantly correlated to rubella , HCMV and HSV-2 infections in ECV304 cells Mo et al, 2011
173. DDX3X DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 3, X-linked : associates with viral UL32 protein Moorman et al, 2010
174. DDX39A – DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 39A: Binds to viral UL69 Lischka et al, 2006
175. DDX58 – DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 58 Viral vMIA/UL37ex1 reduces cleavage of the innate immune response-proteins MAVS and RIG-I by caspases during apoptosis Scott, 2009
176. DDX39B – DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box polypeptide 39B: Binds to viral UL69 Stamminger, 2008
177. DEFA3 – defensin, alpha 3, neutrophil-specific: Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and influenza virus A/WSN were inactivated by incubation with DEFA3 Daher et al, 1986
178. DERL1 – derlin 1: involved in US11-induced MHC-I degradation.Cho et al, 2013
179. DHFR – dihydrofolate reductase : HCMV stimulates cellular dihydrofolate reductase activity in quiescent fibroblasts: A DHFR inhibitor, methotrexate, prevents HCMV replication and DNA synthesis Lembo et al, 1999
180. DNAJB6 – DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 6: binds to viral UL70 Pei et al, 2012
181. DNM2 – dynamin 2: enhanced HCMV entry produced by PDGFRA relates to an entry pathway involving clathrin-independent, dynamin-dependent endocytosis in epithelial and endothelial cells Vanarsdall et al, 2012
182. DNMT1 – DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1: HCMV infected MRC-5 fibroblasts demonstrated significant global hypomethylation, a phenomenon that was virus strain-specific and associated with the re-localization of DNMT1 and DNMT3b from the nucleus to the cytoplasm Esteki-Zadeh et al, 2012.
183. DNMT3B – DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 3 beta: See above Esteki-Zadeh et al, 2012
184. DVL2 – dishevelled, dsh homolog 2 (Drosophila): HCMV infection decreases expression of phosphorylated and total LRP6, Wnt 5a/b, and ß-catenin with a modest decrease in Dvl2/3, while levels of the negative regulator axin 1 were increased. Kapoor et al, 2013
185. DVL3 – dishevelled, dsh homolog 3 (Drosophila): See above Kapoor et al, 2013
186. DYNC1H1 – dynein, cytoplasmic 1, heavy chain 1: Regulates intracellular location of the virus Clippinger and Alwine, 2012
187. DYNLL1 dynein, light chain, LC8-type 1: Targeted by UL122 Pichlmair et al, 2012
188. DYNLL2 dynein, light chain, LC8-type 2 : Targeted by UL122 Pichlmair et al, 2012
189. E2F1– E2F transcription factor 1: E2F1, but not E2F2 or E2F3, promotes the accumulation of H2AFX during HCMV infection or IE protein expression E et al, 2011
190. EDEM1 – ER degradation enhancer, mannosidase alpha-like 1 : HCMV infection inhibits transcriptional activation of the Xbp-1 target gene EDEM1 Isler et al, 2005
191. EEA1 – early endosome antigen 1: incorporated into the viral envelope Cepeda et al, 2010
192. EEF1A1 – eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 1: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
193. EEF2 – eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
194. EGF – epidermal growth factor: HCMV infection significantly inhibits SGHPL-4 (cytotrophoblast cell line ) proliferation, EGF and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced migration and invasion, and MMP2/MMP9 secretion LaMarca et al, 2006
195. EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor : Cytomegalovirus receptor Wang et al, 2003
196. EGR1 – early growth response 1: Binds to IE2 viral protein Yoo et al, 1996
197. EIF2A – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A, 65kDa: HCMV induces phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2a. Isler et al, 2005
198. EIF2AK2 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 (pkr) : Viral proteins IRS1 and TRS1 are pkr antagonists Bierle et al, 2013
199. EIF2AK3 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 (perk) : activated by infection : HCMV infection induces the unfolded protein response via the three branches of UPR signaling, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), to favor viral replication Isler et al, 2005.
200. EIF4A1 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1: pUL69 interacts directly with eIF4A1 Aoyagi et al, 2010 Over-expression of viral miR-US25-2-3p downregulates eIF4A1 and inhibits HCMV replication Qi et al, 2013.
201. EIF4A3 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3: required for efficient HCMV replication Ziehr et al, 2016
202. EIF4EBP1 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1: HCMV infection induces phosphorylation of two mTOR effectors, EIF4EBP1 and eIF4G Kudchodkar et al, 2004
203. EIF4E – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E: EIF4E and EIF4EBP1, are both phosphorylated early in the productive viral growth cycle and the activity of the cellular eIF4E kinase, mnk, is critical for efficient viral replication Walsh et al, 2005
204. EIF4G1 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 1: HCMV infection induces phosphorylation of two mTOR effectors, EIF4EBP1 and eIF4G Kudchodkar et al, 2004
205. EIF4G2 – eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma, 2: HCMV infection induces phosphorylation of two mTOR effectors, EIF4EBP1 and eIF4G Kudchodkar et al, 2004
206. ELK1 – ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family : Elk1 and serum response factor binding sites in the HCMV major immediate-early promoter are required for efficient viral replication in quiescent cells Caposio et al, 2010
207. ELOVL2 – ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2: Knockdown of ELOVL2 or ELOVL3, inhibits virus replication Koyuncu et al, 2013
208. ELOVL3 – ELOVL fatty acid elongase 3: See Koyuncu et al, 2013
209. EMD emerin: binds to viral UL50 protein Milbradt et al, 2014
210. EPAS1 endothelial PAS domain protein 1:(activated by hypoxia) hCMV inhibits constitutive production of EPAS1 and downstream erythroropoietin expression Butler et al, 2014
211. EP300 E1A binding protein p300: Binds to viral IE2 protein Hsu et al, 2004
212. EPO erythropoietin: hCMV inhibits constitutive production of EPAS1 and downstream erythroropoietin expression Butler et al, 2014
213. ERBB2 – v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2, neuro/glioblastoma derived oncogene homolog (avian): HCMV infection decreases erbB2, MMP2 and MMP9 expression in extravillous cytotrophoblast explants in vitro Tao et al, 2011
214. ERBB3 – v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 3 (avian): viral envelope glycoprotein. gB preferentially binds EGFR and EGFR-ErbB3 oligomeric molecules in Chinese hamster ovary cells Wang et al, 2003
215. ERF – Ets2 repressor factor : binds to the viral major immediate-early promoter repressing IE gene expression via interaction with HDAC1 Wright et al, 2005
216. ERN1 endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 (IRE-1) : HCMV infection induces the unfolded protein response via the three branches of UPR signaling, PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE-1), to favor viral replication Isler et al, 2005. Target of viral microRNA UL148D Babu et al, 2014
217. ESM1 endothelial cell specific molecule 1 (endocan): infection contributes to glioma disease progression via upregulating endocan expression Xing et al, 2016
218. EZH2 enhancer of zeste homolog 2 : EZH2, and its regulators JARID2 and NDY1/KDM2B repress GFI1, a transcriptional repressor of the major immediate-early promoter (MIEP) of HCMV. Sourvinos et al, 2014
219. F2 – coagulation factor II (thrombin): thrombin/PAR-1 may inhibit Sp1-dependent HCMV replication in retinal pigment epithelial cells Scholz et al, 2004
220. F2R – coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor (Par1): HCMV increases mRNAexpression of the thrombin receptors PAR1, PAR3 (and PAR4 in HUVEC cells Popovic et al, 2010
221. F2RL2 – coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 2 (par3) See Popovic et al, 2010
222. F2RL3 – coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor-like 3: (par4) See Popovic et al, 2010
223. FANCG – Fanconi anemia, complementation group G : FANCG levels increase between 48 and 96 hours post infection in human foreskin fibroblasts Kulkarni and Fortunato, 2011
224. FAS – Fas (TNF receptor superfamily, member 6): lower bcl-2 mRNA and higher fas mRNA expression levels in HCMV infected human embryonic lung fibroblasts Nie et al, 2005
225. FASLG – Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6) : Upregulated in retinal epithelial cells by viral IE2 Chiou et al, 2001
226. FASN – fatty acid synthase: HCMV infection induces expression of ACACA, ACLY, FASN, HMGCR, and SCD in human foreskin fibroblastsYu et al, 2012
227. FCGR1A Fc fragment of IgG, high affinity Ia, receptor (CD64): HCMV protein gp68 interferes with FcgRIIIA, FcgR2A and FcgR1A activation Corrales-Aguilar et al, 2014.
228. FCGR2A Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIa, receptor (CD32) : HCMV protein gp68 interferes with FcgRIIIA, FcgR2A and FcgR1A activation Corrales-Aguilar et al, 2014.
229. FCGR3A Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIa, receptor (CD16a) : HCMV protein gp68 interferes with FcgRIIIA, FcgR2A and FcgR1A activation Corrales-Aguilar et al, 2014.
230. FCGRT – Fc fragment of IgG, receptor, transporter, alpha: Syncytiotrophoblasts from placentas with high neutralizing HCMV titers contained viral DNA and caveolin-1-positive vesicles in which IgG and CMV glycoprotein B co-localized (suggested uptake of the virus via FCRn receptor (FCGRT) mediated IgG-virion transcytosis Maidji et al, 2006
231. FGF8 – fibroblast growth factor 8 (androgen-induced): Upregulated by HCMV infection of salivary glands Melnick et al, 2013
232. FN1 – fibronectin 1: HCMV-infected fibroblasts progressively lose cellular FN1 Pande et al, 1990
233. FOS – FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog :rapid increase in the RNA levels of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc after HCMV infection of human embryo lung cells Boldogh et al, 1990
234. FOXM1 – forkhead box M1: Concensus binding sites on the viral UL127 promoter for FOXM1 Lashmit et al, 2004
235. FUT3 – fucosyltransferase 3 (galactoside 3(4)-L-fucosyltransferase, Lewis blood group): Induced by infection in human umbilical vein endothelial cells Cebulla et al, 2000
236. FUT4 – fucosyltransferase 4 (alpha (1,3) fucosyltransferase, myeloid-specific): Induced by infection in human umbilical vein endothelial cells Cebulla et al, 2000
237. FZR1 fizzy/cell division cycle 20 related 1 Phosphorylated by vural kinase UL97 Fehr et al, 2012
238. GATA2 – GATA binding protein 2 : binds to the UL144 promoter Poole et al, 2013
239. GAPDH – glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
240. GCLC – glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit : Glutathione levels are increased in infected cells and GCLC GPX1 and SOD1 levels increased Tilton et al, 2011
241. GFAP – glial fibrillary acidic protein: Downregulated by the viral IE1 protein in glioblastoma cells Lee et al, 2005
242. GFI1 – growth factor independent 1 transcription repressor: Represses certain viral genes Zweidler-Mckay et al, 1996
243. GJA1 – gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43kDa: (Cx43); downregulated by infection in human foetal foreskin fibroblasts Stanton et al, 2007
244. GLS – glutaminase: during infection in fibroblasts , glutamine is used to fill the tricarboxylic acid cycle (anaplerosis): glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase are activated: Glutamine starvation reduces virion production: Chambers et al, 2010
245. GLUD1 – glutamate dehydrogenase 1: see above Chambers et al, 2010
246. GLUL glutamate-ammonia ligase (glutamine synthetase) expression modulated by infection in human fetal astrocytes Zhang et al, 2014.
247. GNA12 – guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) alpha 12 : US28 signals via GNA12 Melnychuk et al, 2004
248. GNA13 – guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 13: US28 signals via GNA12 Melnychuk et al, 2004
249. GNA15 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 15 (Gq class) L (aka galpha16): Coupled to the viral US28 receptor Billstrom et al, 1998
250. GNAO1 – guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide O: Coupled to viral UL33 receptor Casarosa et al 2003
251. GNAQ – guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), q polypeptide: G proteins of the G(q) family couple to the viral chemokine receptor (US28) Moepps et al, 2008
252. GNAS – GNAS complex locus: G-protein GalphaS Coupled to viral UL33 receptor Casarosa et al 2003
253. GPRASP1 – G protein-coupled receptor associated sorting protein 1: binds to viral US28 protein Tschische et al, 2010
254. GPX1 – glutathione peroxidase 1: Glutathione levels are increased in infected cells and GCLC , GPX1 and SOD1 levels increased Tilton et al, 2011
255. GRB2 – growth factor receptor-bound protein 2: US28 binding to RANTES promotes the formation of a Grb2.FAK complex Streblow et al, 2003
256. GRK5 – G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5: overexpression of wild type GRK5 leads to hyperphosphorylation of US28 Miller et al, 2003
257. GSK3B – glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta: intestinal epithelial cells: US28 expression in intestinal epithelial cells (transgenic mice) inhibited GSK3B function, promoted CTNNB1 accumulation and increased expression of Wnt target genes (BIRC5, CCND1, MYC involved in the control of the cell proliferation Bongers et al, 2010
258. GTF2B – general transcription factor IIB: Binds to viral IE86 protein Xu and Ye, 2002
259. GZMB – granzyme B (granzyme 2, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 1): HCMV-infected cells, but not cells infected with the UL16 deletion mutant HCMV strain, show increased resistance to the action of cytolytic proteins, including perforin, granzyme B, streptolysin O, and porcine NK lysin Odeberg et al, 2003
260. GZMM – granzyme M (lymphocyte met-ase 1): Granzyme M targets host cell HNRNPK which is essential for human cytomegalovirus replication van Domselaar et al, 2013.
261. H2AFX – H2A histone family, member X: contributes to viral replication downstream of ATM E et al, 2011
262. HCST hematopoietic cell signal transducer (Dap10) : ULBP and MICB molecules are ligands for the activating receptor, KLRK1/DAP10, an interaction blocked by a soluble form of viral UL16 Cosman et al, 2001.
263. HDAC1 – histone deacetylase 1: erf binds to the viral major immediate-early promoter repressing IE gene expression via interaction with HDAC1 Wright et al, 2005
264. HDAC2 – histone deacetylase 2: Binds to viral IE1 Tang and Maul, 2003
265. HDAC3 – histone deacetylase 3: interacts with the major immediate early (MIE) promoter but also with the entire MIE locus Huang et al, 2011
266. HERC5 HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 5: viral pUL26 interacts with ISG15, UBE1L, and Herc5 Kim et al, 2016
267. HFE – hemochromatosis: Viral US2 causes degradation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy-chain (HC), class II DR-alpha and DM-alpha proteins, and HFE, a nonclassical MHC protein Chevalier et al, 2002
268. HGF – hepatocyte growth factor (hepapoietin A; scatter factor): HCMV infection significantly inhibits SGHPL-4 (cytotrophoblast cell line ) proliferation, EGF and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced migration and invasion, and MMP2/MMP9 secretion LaMarca et al, 2006
269. HGS hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate: viral pUL99 trafficking utilizes the ESCRT pathway, including TSG101 and HGS Moorman et al, 2010
270. HHEX hematopoietically expressed homeobox: expression increased by infection in vascular smooth muscle cells Li et al, 2016
     1. Other homeobox genes Increased DLX1 DLX2 HMX1 HOXC13 HOXD8 IRX1 LBX1 PBX3 PBX4 PRRX2 TLX2 ZEB2 ZHX1 Decreased EMX2OS
        EN1 ESX1 HOXA10 HOXA4 HOXA5 HOXB2 HOXB5 HOXC9 IRS3 IRX5 MEIS1 MEIS2 PBX1 PKNOX1 RAXL1 SIX5 Li et al, 2016
271. HIF1A – hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor): induced after HCMV infection of human fibroblasts McFarlane et al, 2011
272. HIVEP2 – human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein 2: binds to viral genomes of hepatitis B, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and polyomavirus Reinhold et al, 1995.
273. HLA-A – major histocompatibility complex, class I, A: Viral US2 associates with HLA-A2 Gewurz et al, 2001
274. HLA-B – major histocompatibility complex, class I, B: US2 binds to newly synthesized MHC class I H chains and supports their dislocation to the cytosol for subsequent degradation by proteasomes: Flow cytometry suggests that surface expression of all HLA-A and -G and most HLA-B alleles will be affected by US2 Barel et al, 2003
275. HLA-C – major histocompatibility complex, class I, C: HCMV US3 and US6 down-regulate the cell-surface expression of both HLA-G and HLA-C in human trophoblast cell lines Jun et al, 2000
276. HLA-DMA – major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha: Viral US2 causes degradation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy-chain (HC), class II DR-alpha and DM-alpha proteins Chevalier et al, 2002
277. HLA-DRA – major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR alpha: Viral US2 causes degradation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy-chain (HC), class II DR-alpha and DM-alpha proteins Chevalier et al, 2002
278. HLA-DRB1: CMV reactivation was significantly more frequent in patients with HLA-B14, HLA-DRB1*01, and HLA-DRB1*13 antigens and less frequent in recipients with HLA-A11 and HLA-DRB1*04 antigens Acar et al, 2014
279. HLA-E – major histocompatibility complex, class I, E major histocompatibility complex, class I, E: HCMV upregulates the expression of cellular HLA-E via UL40 Wilkinson et al, 2008
280. HLA-G – major histocompatibility complex, class I, G: membrane-bound HLA-G1 isoform targeted for destruction by infection Barel et al, 2003
281. HM13 histocompatibility (minor) 13: a signal peptidase that binds to viral US2 Loureiro et al
282. HMGB1 – high mobility group box 1: interacts with HCMV oriLyt DNA Kagele et al, 2012
283. HMGCR – 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase: HCMV infection induces expression of ACACA, ACLY, FASN, HMGCR, and SCD in human foreskin fibroblastsYu et al, 2012
284. HMOX1 – heme oxygenase (decycling) 1: Upregulated by infection in primary human foreskin fibroblasts Lee et al, 2013.
285. HNRNPA1 – heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 Interacts with viral IE2 Wang et al, 1997
286. HNRNPH1 – heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (H): associates with viral UL32 protein Moorman et al, 2010
287. HNRNPK – heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K: interacts with HCMV oriLyt DNA Kagele et al, 2012
288. HOXB2 – homeobox B2: HOXB2 and HOXB4 downregulated by infection in human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells differentiating to colony-forming erythroid progenitor cells in vitro Liu et al, 2011
289. HOXB4 – homeobox B4: Expression downgeulated by the virus in human cord blood hematopoietic stem cells differentiating into colony-forming-units of T-lymphocyte and erythroid progenitors in vitro Wen-jun et al, 2012
290. HOXC4 – homeobox C4 : HCMV can down-regulate the expression of hoxc4 and hoxc6 genes in differentiating hematopoietic stem cells Feng et al, 2009
291. HOXC6 – homeobox C6: See Feng et al, 2009
292. HRAS – v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog: transfection of teratoma cells with oncogenic human Hras results in cells which are permissive for HCMV infection and gene expression Shelbourn et al, 1989.
293. HSF1 heat shock transcription factor 1 : an interaction between HCMV-activated Akt and HSF1 that allowed the synthesis of both cap- and internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-containing antiapoptotic mRNAs such as myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) Peppenelli et al, 2018.
294. HSP90B1 – heat shock protein 90kDa beta (Grp94), member 1: Expression increased by HCMV infection Isler et al, 2005
295. HSPA5 – heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) : Expression increased by HCMV infection Isler et al, 2005.
296. HSPA8 heat shock 70kDa protein 8: associates with viral UL32 protein Moorman et al, 2010
297. HSPB1 – heat shock 27kDa protein 1 : Upregulated by infection in monocytes Chan et al, 2012
298. HTRA2 – HtrA serine peptidase 2: terminates cytomegalovirus infection and is controlled by the viral mitochondrial inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA) McCormick et al, 2008.
299. Hydrogen peroxide enhances HCMV lytic replication through promoting major immediate early promoter activity and immediate early gene transcription. Conversely, N-acetyl cysteine inhibited H2O2-upregulated viral IE gene expression and viral replication Xiao et al, 2015
300. ICAM1 – intercellular adhesion molecule 1 : upregulated following HCMV infection in monocytes Smith et al, 2007
301. ICAM2 – intercellular adhesion molecule 2: involved in the increased adhesion of T lymphocytes to HCMV-infected HUVECs. Shahgasempour et al, 1998
302. ICAM3 – intercellular adhesion molecule 3: upregulated following HCMV infection in monocytes Smith et al, 2007
303. ICOS inducible T-cell co-stimulator: Highly purified CD28(-) CD45RA(hi) CD8(+) T cells stimulated with viral peptide presented by autologous monocytes show early up-regulation of CD137 (TNFRSF9) and CD278 (ICOS), re-express CD28, and proliferate with high cloning efficiency Waller et al, 2007
304. IDO1 – indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1: Induced by infection in monocytes Furcet et al, 2008 but infection with HCMV substantially impairs IFNG-induced IDO-activity in human fibroblasts . Consequently, these cells are no longer able to restrict bacterial and parasitic growth and lose their IDO-mediated immunosuppressive capacity Heseler et al, 2013
305. IER5 immediate early response 5 : HCMV-encoded miRNA miR-UL148D accumulates during late stages of experimental latent HCMV infection in host cells and promotes HCMV latency by modulating the immediate early response gene 5 (IER5)-cell division cycle 25B (CDC25B) axis in host cells Pan et al, 2016.
306. IFI16 – interferon, gamma-inducible protein 16: restriction factor for human cytomegalovirus replication Gariano et al, 2012.
307. IFIH1 – interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 (MDA5) : three dsRNA sensors (RIG-1, MDA5 and TLR3) are upregulated in kidney transplant biopsies during cytomegalovirus or BK virus infection Heutinck et al, 2012.
308. IFIT1 interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 : plays an antiviral role in HCMV infected fetal astrocytes Zhang et al, 2016
309. IFIT2 – interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2: upregulated by hcmv infection of primary foreskin fibroblasts Navarro et al, 1998
310. IFITM1 interferon induced transmembrane protein 1: IFITM1, IFITM2 IFITM3 involved in the formation of the virion assembly compartment during infection of human fibroblasts Xie et al, 2014
311. IFNL1 – interferon, lambda 1 (IL29): signals derived from IFNL1 and IFNL2 (IL28A) (via IFNLR1and IL10RB) result in an up to 83% reduction of intestinal epithelial cells positive for human CMV immediate-early protein after HCMV infection Brand et al, 2005.
312. IFNL2 – interferon, lambda 2: See above Brand et al, 2005
313. IFNLR1 interferon, lambda receptor 1: See above Brand et al, 2005
314. IGF2R – insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor: incorporated into the viral envelope Cepeda et al, 2010
315. ILK – integrin-linked kinase: HCMV upregulated prostate carcinoma cell (PC3) adhesion to the endothelium and to the extracellular matrix proteins collagen, laminin, and fibronectin, accompanied by enhancement of ITGB1 surface expression, elevated ILK levels , and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase Blaheta et al, 2006
316. IKBKB – inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase beta: Inhibition prevents HCMV replication and virus-induced inflammatory response in infected endothelial cells Caposio et al, 2007.
317. IKBKG – inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase gamma: nuclear accumulation stimulated by viral UL76 Costa et al, 2013
318. IKBKE – inhibitor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells, kinase epsilon: activated by infection of primary human aortic smooth muscle cells Gravel and Servant, 2005
319. IL1A – interleukin 1, alpha: Gingival fibroblasts produced mainly IL1A, IL12B, IL-12A, IL6, TNF, and IL1B after HCMV infection Botero et al, 2008.
320. IL1B – interleukin 1, beta: spi1 binds to viral IE2, an effect stimulating IL1B production Wara-aswapati et al, 1999
321. IL2 – interleukin 2: IL-2-activated primary NK cells and an IL-2-dependent NK cell line (NK-92) exhibit potent, noncytolytic anti-HCMV activity Iversen et al, 2005
322. IL2RA – interleukin 2 receptor, alpha interleukin 2 receptor, alpha: expression of IL-2R alpha (p55) and -beta (p75) was significantly increased on T cells from CMV-seropositive donors following culture with the CMV antigen Nakano et al, 1993
323. IL2RB – interleukin 2 receptor, beta: See above Nakano et al, 1993
324. IL4 – interleukin 4: HCMV-treated CD4 T cells produce decreased levels of the cytokines IL-4, IFNG and TNF, compared to untreated controls Fornara et al, 2013
325. IL6 – interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) : induced in HCMV secretomes from endothelial cells Botto et al, 2011.
326. IL6R – interleukin 6 receptor: neutralisation abolished the ability of the HCMV secretome to increase survivin expression in endothelial cells Botto et al, 2011.
327. IL7 – interleukin 7: IL7 and IL17 decreased by HCMV in gingival fibroblasts Botero et al, 2008
328. IL8 – interleukin 8: Several cytokines were induced in HCMV secretomes from endothelial cells including IL6, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-8/CXCL8 Botto et al, 2011.
329. IL10 – interleukin 10: expression increased in active HCMV infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells Zhang et al, 2009
330. IL10RA – interleukin 10 receptor, alpha: A viral IL10 homolog signals via IL10RA and IL10RB Jones et al, 2002
331. IL10RB – interleukin 10 receptor, beta: See above Jones et al, 2002 and Brand et al, 2005.
332. IL11 – interleukin 11: CSF1 and IL11 increased by HCMV in gingival fibroblasts Botero et al, 2008
333. IL12A – interleukin 12A (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 1, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 1, p35) rapidly induced by HCMV infection in monocytyes Yew et al, 2010
334. IL12B – interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40) : Gingival fibroblasts produced mainly IL1A, IL12B, IL-12A, IL6, TNF, and IL1B after HCMV infection Botero et al, 2008.
335. IL13 – interleukin 13: all enveloped viruses (adenovirus, coronavirus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, morbillivirus and poliovirus) but not bacteria blocked Th2 (IL-13) production by cord CD4(+) cells Svensson et al, 2012.
336. IL17A interleukin 17A : IL7 and IL17 decreased by HCMV in gingival fibroblasts Botero et al, 2008
337. IL26 – interleukin 26: Inhibits HCMV infection of human fibroblasts Braum et al, 2013
338. IL32 – interleukin 32: induced by infection in human embryonic lung fibroblast cell line, MRC-5 Huang et al, 2013.
339. INSIG1 – insulin induced gene 1: induction of PERK in HCMV-infected human fibroblasts stimulates SREBP1 cleavage by reducing levels of Insig1 Yu et al, 2013
340. IRF3 – interferon regulatory factor 3: regulates interferon-stimulated gene induction during the initial phase of HCMV infection DeFilippis et al, 2006.
341. ISG15 ISG15 ubiquitin-like modifier : viral pUL26 interacts with ISG15, UBE1L, and Herc5 Kim et al, 2016
342. ITCH itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase: Degraded by viral UL42 Koshizuka et al, 2015.
343. ITGA1 – integrin, alpha 1: decreased cell surface expression of alpha 1/beta 1 integrin in HCMV-infected fibroblasts Warren et al, 1994.
344. ITGA2 – integrin, alpha 2 (CD49B, alpha 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor): alpha2beta1, alpha6beta1, and alphaVbeta3 integrins are HCMV entry receptors and signaling mediators Feire et al, 2004
345. ITGA5 – integrin, alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor, alpha polypeptide): HCMV uses integrin alphavbeta3 as a coreceptor Wang et al, 2005.
346. ITGA6 – integrin, alpha 6: alpha2beta1, alpha6beta1, and alphaVbeta3 integrins are HCMV entry receptors and signaling mediators Feire et al, 2004
347. ITGAM – integrin, alpha M (complement component 3 receptor 3 subunit): Expression increased in HCMV-infected human pulmonary artery endothelial cells Skarman et al, 2006
348. Integrins ITGA1,ITGA2, ITGA4,ITGA5, ITGA7,ITGB1 are downregulated by viral US2 Hsu et al, 2015
349. ITGAX – integrin, alpha X (complement component 3 receptor 4 subunit): HCMV downregulates complement receptors (ITGB2, ITGAX ) and decreases phagocytosis by macrophages Gafa et al, 2005.
350. ITGB1 – integrin, beta 1 (fibronectin receptor, beta polypeptide, antigen CD29 includes MDF2, MSK12) : binds to viral glycoprotein B Feire et al, 2010
351. ITGB2 – integrin, beta 2 (complement component 3 receptor 3 and 4 subunit) : HCMV downregulates complement receptors (ITGB2, ITGAX ) and decreases phagocytosis by macrophages Gafa et al, 2005.
352. ITGB3 – integrin, beta 3 (platelet glycoprotein IIIa, antigen CD61): the virus binds to ITGB1 and ITGB3 in endothelial cells Bentz and Yurochko, 2008
353. JAK1 – Janus kinase 1: Viral US28 activates the IL6-JAK1-STAT3 signaling axis via NFKB1 Slinger et al, 2010:
354. JARID2 jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 2: EZH2, and its regulators JARID2 and NDY1/KDM2B repress GFI1, a transcriptional repressor of the major immediate-early promoter (MIEP) of HCMV. Sourvinos et al, 2014
355. JUN – jun proto-oncogene (ap-1) : Binds to viral IE86 protein Xu and Ye, 2002
356. KAT2B – K(lysine) acetyltransferase 2B: interacts with viral IE86 Bryant et al, 2000
357. KAT5 – K(lysine) acetyltransferase 5 (Tip60) : Degraded by viral UL27 Reitsma et al, 2011
358. KCNH2 – potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H (eag-related), member 2: Upregulated by infection in Human foreskin fibroblasts Kapoor et al, 2012
359. KDM1A lysine (K)-specific demethylase 1A: associates with the viral major immediate early promoter Lee et al, 2015
360. KDM2B lysine (K)-specific demethylase 2B : EZH2, and its regulators JARID2 and NDY1/KDM2B repress GFI1, a transcriptional repressor of the major immediate-early promoter (MIEP) of HCMV. Sourvinos et al, 2014
361. KDM6B lysine (K)-specific demethylase 6B: associates with the viral major immediate early promoter Lee et al, 2015
362. KDR – kinase insert domain receptor (a type III receptor tyrosine kinase): HCMV infection triggers induction of VEGF and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR /VEGFR2) mRNAs in fibroblasts Heiske et al, 2012
363. KIF11 – kinesin family member 11: Induced by infection in human foetal foreskin fibroblasts Stanton et al, 2007
364. KIR2DS2 – killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 2: KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS4 are associated with a 7-fold increase in risk for CMV reactivation in hematopoietic cell transplantation Gallez-Hawkins et al, 2011
365. KIR2DS4 – killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, short cytoplasmic tail, 4:See above Gallez-Hawkins et al, 2011
366. KITLG KIT ligand (stem cell factor): Induced by overexpression of viral pp71 in adult neural precursor cells Matlaf et al, 2013
367. KLRC1 – killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 1: Viral UL40-encoded peptides inhibit target cell lysis via interaction with KLRD1-KLRC1 Heatley et al, 2013
368. KLRC2 – killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 2: the interaction of KLRD1/KLRC2 with HCMV-infected fibroblasts, concomitant to the inhibition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression, promotes an outgrowth of KLRD1/KLRC2(+) NK cells Guma et al, 2006.
369. KLRD1 – killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D, member 1: activates monocytic dendritic cells following HCMV infection Magri et al, 2011
370. KLRK1 – killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1: ULBP and MICB are ligands for the activating receptor, KLRK1/DAP10, an interaction blocked by a soluble form of viral UL16 Cosman et al, 2001.
371. KPNA1 – karyopherin alpha 1 (importin alpha 5): Binds to viral UL84 Lischka P et al, 2003
372. KPNA2 – karyopherin alpha 2 (RAG cohort 1, importin alpha 1) : Binds to viral UL84 Lischka P et al, 2003
373. KPNA3 – karyopherin alpha 3 (importin alpha 4): Binds to viral UL84 Lischka P et al, 2003
374. KPNA4 – karyopherin alpha 4 (importin alpha 3): Binds to viral UL84 Lischka P et al, 2003
375. LBR – lamin B receptor: Interacts with viral p32 Milbradt et al, 2009
376. LCK – lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase: Function modified by viral UL11 binding to CD45 (PTPRC) Gabaev et al, 2011
377. LGALS9 lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble, 9: The virus upregulates expression of galectin-9, via induction of interferon-ß McSharry et al, 2014
378. LILRB1 – leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B (with TM and ITIM domains), member 1 : Binds to viral UL18 Cosman et al, 1997
379. LMNA – lamin A/C: Phosphorylated by viral UL97 Marschall et al, 2005
380. LMNB1 lamin B1: Phosphorylated by viral UL97 Marschall et al, 2005
381. LGMN – legumain: HCMV infected DCs show decreased transcription rate of the MHC II-associated proteases cathepsins CTSS, CTSZ, CTSB, CTSH and CTSL1 and asparagine-specific endopeptidase (Legumain LGMN ) Kessler et al, 2008
382. LRP1 – low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 : Upregulated by CMV infection in fibroblasts Gudleski-O'Regan et al, 2012
383. LRP6 – low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6: CMV infection decreases expression of phosphorylated and total lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 in stem cells Kapoor et al, 2013
384. LTA – lymphotoxin alpha (TNF superfamily, member 1): lymphotoxin (LT)-alphabeta an essential effector cytokine regulated the induction of type I IFN during CMV infection Banks et al, 2006
385. LTB – lymphotoxin beta (TNF superfamily, member 3): see Banks et al, 2006
386. LTB4R – leukotriene B4 receptorL Leukotriene B4-mediated defense against in vitro HCMV infection of human leukocytes involves activation of LTB4R and neutrophil degranulation Gaudreault and Gosselin , 2007
387. LTF – lactotransferrin: vitamin A, monolaurin and lactoferrin inhibited CMV viral growth Clarke and May, 2000
388. Long term potentiation is reduced in HCMV congenitally infected rats Wu et al, 2011
     1. The murine cytomegalovirus reduces the hippocampal expression of the NMDA receptor subunit GRIN1 Kosugi et al, 2005
389. LY96 – lymphocyte antigen 96: TLR4/LY96/CD14 complex contributes notably to HCMV-induced signaling and subsequent cytokine production in monocytes Yew et al, 2012
390. LYN – v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral related oncogene homolog: Lyn kinase, acts as a key MSR1-induced kinase that plays a critical role in TLR-3/9 signal transduction upon HCMV exposure to THP-1 monocytes Yew and Harrison, 2011
391. MAFK – v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog K (avian) Nrf1 functions alone and synergistically with its heterodimerization partner, MafK, in inhibiting the DNA binding activity of viral IE2 Huang et al, 2000
392. MAP2K1 – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MKK1): HCMV-mediated activation of MKK1/2 kinase activity enhances virus infectivity by ensuring timely initiation of viral DNA replicatin Johnson et al, 2001
393. MAP2K2 – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 (MKK2): HCMV-mediated activation of MKK1/2 kinase activity enhances virus infectivity by ensuring timely initiation of viral DNA replicatin Johnson et al, 2001
394. MAP2K6 – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 : basal MKK6 kinase activity is necessary for HCMV-mediated p38 activation at early times of infection Johnson et al, 2000
395. MAP3K1 – mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (MEKK1): involved in up-regulation of HCMV-IE promoter Sun et al, 2001
396. MAP4K4 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4: inhibition reduces HCMV replication Strang et al, 2018
397. MAPK1 – mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (erk2): HCMV infection maintains previously activated ERK1 and ERK2 by a mechanism which appears to involve the inhibition of a cellular phosphatase activity Rodems and Spector, 1998.
398. MAPK3 – mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (erk1): HCMV infection maintains previously activated ERK1 and ERK2 by a mechanism which appears to involve the inhibition of a cellular phosphatase activity Rodems and Spector, 1998.
399. MAPK8 – mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (jnk): caspase 3 and JNK signaling pathways activated in HCMV-treated CHRF-288-11 cells Dou et al, 2010.
400. MAPK8IP1 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 interacting protein 1: overexpression blocked IE1-mediated induction of AP-1 and relB promoter activity in NIH 3T3 cells and smooth muscle cells Wang and Sonenshein , 2005
401. MAPK14 – mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (p38): Upregulated by CMV infection in THP-1 monocyte/macrophage cells Carlquist et al, 2004
402. MAVS – mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein: Viral vMIA/UL37ex1 reduces cleavage of the innate immune response-proteins MAVS and RIG-I by caspases during apoptosis Scott, 2009
403. MCL1 – myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (BCL2-related) : Upregulated by infection in monocytes Chan et al, 2012:
404. MCM2 – minichromosome maintenance complex component 2: Knockdown of MCM2 or MCM4 restores the ability of pUL117-deficient virus to block host DNA synthesis Qian et al, 2010.
405. MCM3AP – minichromosome maintenance complex component 3 associated protein: IE86-mediated viral inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis requires MCM3AP Poole et al, 2012
406. MCM4 – minichromosome maintenance complex component 4: Knockdown of MCM2 or MCM4 restores the ability of pUL117-deficient virus to block host DNA synthesis Qian et al, 2010.
407. MCM7 – minichromosome maintenance complex component 7: RNAi-mediated knock-down increases viral DNA replication Braun et al, 2012.
408. MDM2 – MDM2 oncogene, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase:Binds to viral IE2 protein Zhang et al, 2006
409. ME2 – malic enzyme 2, NAD(+)-dependent, mitochondrial : Activity increased by infection in fibroblasts Chambers et al, 2010
410. ME3 – malic enzyme 3, NADP(+)-dependent, mitochondrial Chambers et al, 2010
411. MICA – MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A: Infection by human CMV induces expression of MICA and MICB surface proteins, which function as ligands for the activating NKG2D receptor (KLRK1) Wu et al, 2003
412. MICB – MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B : Binds to viral UL16 Cosman et al, 2001
413. MIF – macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor): released by CMV infection of macrophages Frascaroli et al, 2009
414. MIR17 – microRNA 17: a microRNA decay element within the viral genome modifies the turnover of mature miR17 and miR20a Lee et al, 2013
415. MIR20A – microRNA 20a: a microRNA decay element within the viral genome modifies the turnover of mature miR17 and miR20a Lee et al, 2013
416. MIR21 microRNA 21: Attenuates Human Cytomegalovirus Replication in Neural Cells by Targeting Cdc25a Fu et al, 2015.
417. MIR92A1 microRNA 92a-1: targets the virtal IL10 homologue Poole et al, 2014
418. MIR199A1 – microRNA 199a-1: HCMV infection of endothelial cells upregulates miR-199a-5p expression enhances cell migration and tube formation (angiogenesis) via downregulation of SIRT1/eNOS by this microrna Zhang et al, 2013
419. MIR200A MIR200B MIR200C microRNAs: miR-200 miRNA family members target the UL122 (immediate early protein 2) 3' untranslated region O'Connor et al, 2014
420. MKNK1 – MAP kinase interacting serine/threonine kinase 1: EIF4E and EIF4EBP1, are both phosphorylated early in the productive viral growth cycle and the activity of the cellular eIF4E kinase, mnk, is critical for efficient viral replication Walsh et al, 2005
421. MLXIP MLX interacting protein: The expression of MLXI and MLXIPL is induced in HCMV-infected human fibroblasts and required for efficient HCMV infection Yu et al, 2014
422. MLXIPL MLX interacting protein-like: "" Yu et al, 2014
423. MME – membrane metallo-endopeptidase (CD10): downregulated during HCMV infection Phillips et al, 1998
424. MMP1 – matrix metallopeptidase 1 (interstitial collagenase): HCMV induces MMP1 and MMP3 expression in aortic smooth muscle cells Prochnau et al, 2011.
425. MMP2 – matrix metallopeptidase 2 (gelatinase A, 72kDa gelatinase, 72kDa type IV collagenase): HCMV induces TGF-ß1 activation in renal tubular epithelial cells via MMP2 Shimamura et al, 2010
426. MMP3 – matrix metallopeptidase 3 (stromelysin 1, progelatinase): HCMV induces MMP1 and MMP3 expression in aortic smooth muscle cells Prochnau et al, 2011
427. MMP9 – matrix metallopeptidase 9 (gelatinase B, 92kDa gelatinase, 92kDa type IV collagenase): HCMV infection decreases erbB2, MMP2 and MMP9 expression in extravillous cytotrophoblast explants in vitro Tao et al, 2011
428. MOAP1 modulator of apoptosis 1: Target of viral microRNA miR-UL70-3p Babu et al, 2014
429. MORC3 MORC family CW-type zinc finger 3: an antiviral factor which plays an important role during HSV-1 and HCMV infection.Sloan et al, 2016
430. MPO – myeloperoxidase: Possesses antiviral activity versus HCMV El Messaoudi et al, 2002
431. MSR1 – macrophage scavenger receptor 1: required for sensing HCMV by endosomal TLR-3/-9 in monocytic THP-1 cells Yew et al, 2010.
432. MTA2 – metastasis associated 1 family, member 2 : Viral pUL38 and pUL29/28 associate with MTA2 Terhune et al, 2010
433. MTOR – mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase): HCMV infection maintains activity during amino acid deprivation Clippinger and Alwine, 2012
434. MYC – v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian): One of the wnt target genes increased in intestinal epithelial cells in transgenic mice expressing US28 Bongers et al, 2010
435. MYCN – v-myc myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived (avian): persistent HCMV infection of neuroblastoma cells (> 1 year) increases expression of oncoproteins (i.e. N-myc) and decreases expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase Cinati et al, 1996
436. MYD88 – myeloid differentiation primary response 88 : involved in TNF-alpha and lipopolysaccharide activation of the immediate-early gene enhancer/promoter Lee et al, 2004
437. MYH11 – myosin, heavy chain 11, smooth muscle: associates with viral UL99 Moorman et al, 2010
438. MYOCD myocardin : HCMV IE2 enhances myocardin-mediated survival of rat aortic smooth muscle cells under serum deprivation and PI3-kinase inhibition Liao et al, 2014
439. N-acetylneuraminic acid: HCMV binds to N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetylglucosamine Lobert et al, 1995
440. N-acetylglucosamine: See Lobert et al, 1995
441. NCAM1 – neural cell adhesion molecule 1: downregulated by HCMV in neuroblastoma cells Blaheta et al, 2004
442. NCL Nucleolin associates with UL44 Strang et al, 2012
443. NCR1 – natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1: Involved in the monocyte natural killer response to the virus Romo et al, 2011
444. NCR3 – natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3: Viral pp65 is a ligand for NCR3 Arnon et al, 2005
445. NDUFA13 – NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 13: Beta 2.7 viral RNA interacts with this subunit of mitochondrial complex I and prevents its re-localization from the inner mitochondrial membrane to discrete perinuclear sites Reeves et al, 2007
446. NES – nestin: nestin, doublecortin, sex-determining homeobox 2, and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression decreased by HCMV infection in neural progenitor cells Luo et al, 2010
447. NFATC1 – nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1: activated by viral US28 McLean et al,2004
448. NFATC2 – nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 2 : activated by viral US28 McLean et al,2004
449. NFE2L1 – nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1: NFE2L1 and NFE2L2 interact with viral IE2 protein Huang et al, 2000
450. NFE2L2 – nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2: Upregulated by infection in primary human foreskin fibroblasts Lee et al, 2013.
451. NFKB1 – nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1: involved in the activation of the CMV promoter in the liver Löser et al, 1998.
452. NFKB2 – nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 (p49/p100) (p52) : p52 and Bcl-3 bind the viral major immediate-early promoter in acutely HCMV-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages Khan et al, 2009
453. NFKBIA – nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha: The HCMV virion possesses an activated casein kinase II that phosphorylates NFKBIA Nogalski et al, 2007.
454. NGF nerve growth factor: HCMV can down-regulate endogenous NGF levels in human glioma cell line U251 Wang et al, 2009.
455. NLRC5 – NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 : upregulated in human fibroblasts postinfection with CMV Overexpression results in upregulation of antiviral target genes (e.g., IFN-alpha, OAS1, and PRKRIR) Kuenzel et al, 2010.
456. NOD1 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 1: NOD1 activation by Tri-DAP (NOD1 agonist) suppressed HCMV and induced IFN-ß Fan et al, 2016.
457. NOD2 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2: NOD2 induction in HCMV-infected cells activates NFKB and interferon pathways Kapoor et al, 2014
458. NOS3 – nitric oxide synthase 3 (endothelial cell) : inhibited by infection in human aortic endothelial cells Shen et al, 2006
459. NQO1 – NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1: Glutathione levels are increased in infected cells and GCLC GPX1 and SOD1 levels increased: NQO1 mRNA decreased Tilton et al, 2011
460. NRP2 Neuropilin 2: Viral receptor Martinez-Martin et al, 2018
461. NUDT14 nudix hydrolase 14: Binds to viral RL13 protein Wang et al, 2016
462. OAS1 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, 40/46kDa: inhibited by viral pORF94 protein Tan et al, 2011
463. OCLN – occludin: occludin and vascular endothelial cadherin expression decreased by infection in endothelial cells Bentz et al, 2006
464. ODC1 – ornithine decarboxylase 1: HCMV stimulates activity in human embryo cells Isom, 1979
465. OGT O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase:Inhibition reduces replication of HSV-1 and Human Cytomegalovirus Angelova et al, 2015.
466. ORC2 – origin recognition complex, subunit 2: RNAi-mediated knock-down increases viral DNA replication Braun et al, 2012.
467. PABPC1 – poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 1: accumulation promotes viral protein synthesis McKinney et al, 2013
468. PACS1 – phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1: interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of the HCMV envelope glycoprotein B Crump et al, 2003
469. PAIP2 – poly(A) binding protein interacting protein 2: restricts viral protein synthesis and replication. McKinney et al, 2013
470. PCK2 – phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (mitochondrial) : Activity increased by infection in fibroblasts Chambers et al, 2010
471. PDGFB – platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide: viral IE72 expression increases PDGFB promoter activity in vascular endothelial cells Guetta et al, 2001
472. PDGFRA – platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha polypeptide: the virus does not bind to PDGFRA but enhanced entry produced by PDGFRa results from a novel entry pathway involving clathrin-independent, dynamin-dependent endocytosis Vanarsdall et al, 2012 see also Cobbs et al, 2014
473. PDGFRB – platelet-derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide: PDGFR-alpha and -beta reduced by infection in human smooth muscle cells Gredmark et al, 2007
474. PDPK1 – 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1: signalling suppressed by infection in human aortic endothelial cells Shen et al, 2006
475. PDX1 – pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1: represses CMV IE promoter activity in 293 cells Chao et al, 2004
476. PECAM1 – platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1: Infection of endothelial cells increased surface expression of cell adhesion molecules (intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Bentz et al, 2006
477. PGK1 – phosphoglycerate kinase 1: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
478. PI3K Phosphoinositide 3 kinase activated vy HCMV via EGFR Multiple subunits exist: PIK3R1 PIK3R2 associate with EGFR (Biogrid) PIK3CG – phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma
479. PIK3C2A phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha: important for the production of HCMV virions and is involved in virion production after secondary envelopment of viral capsids Polachek et al, 2016
480. PIK3R1 – phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (alpha): activated via EGFR by HMCV infection in monocytes Chan et al, 2010
481. PIK3R2 – phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 2 (beta): activated via EGFR by HMCV infection in monocytes Chan et al, 2010
482. P4HB – prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide ( protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 1) : human cytomegalovirus US3 protein inhibits CD8(+) T cell recognition by mediating protein disulfide isomerase degradation Park et al, 2006
483. PDIA2 – protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 2 See Park et al, 2006
484. PDIA3 – protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 3: See Park et al, 2006
485. PIAS1 protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 1: interacts with viral IE1 Kim et al, 2014
486. PLA2G4A – phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) : Host cPLA2 is incorporated uinto the virus Allal et al, 2004
487. PLAT – plasminogen activator, tissue: HSV1, HSV2 and CMV accelerate tPA-dependent fibrin clot lysis by up to 2.8-fold Gershom et al, 2012
488. PLCB1 – phospholipase C, beta 1 (phosphoinositide-specific) : US28 signals via PLC beta Stropes and Miller , 2008
489. PLK1 – polo-like kinase 1: Binds to viral pp65 Gallina et al, 1999
490. PML – p\romyelocytic leukemia : Binds to viral IE1 Tang and Maul, 2003
491. POL2RA polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A, 220kDa Viral protein UL79 is an elongation factor of POL2RA for viral gene transcription Perng et al, 2014.
492. PPARG – peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma: the viral major immediate-early promoter contains PPAR response elements able to bind PPARG Rauwel et al, 2010
493. PPIA – peptidylprolyl isomerase A (cyclophilin A): Knockdown inhibits viral replication in neural stem and progenitor cells Kawasaki et al, 2007
494. PPP1CA – protein phosphatase 1, catalytic subunit, alpha isozyme: Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A, which increases the phosphorylation of IE72, suppresses the formation of SUMO-1-IE72 conjugates (PPP1 consists of 3 subunits PPP1CA PPP1CB and PPP1CC) Spengler et al, 2002 (PPP1 consists of 3 subunits PPP1CA PPP1CB and PPP1CC) PPP1CA = Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
495. PPP2R1A – protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, alpha: Western blot immunoblot analysis of purified virus revealed the presence of the catalytic subunits of PP2A and PP1A. The catalytic subunit of PP2A (PPP2CA, PPP2CB ) appears to be complexed to the regulatory subunits PR65 (PPP2R1A PPP2R1B) and PR55 ( PPP2R2B , PPP2R2C , PPP2R2D the most abundant configuration of this enzyme found in the host cells Michelson et al, 1996.
496. PRF1 – perforin 1 (pore forming protein): HCMV-infected cells, but not cells infected with the UL16 deletion mutant HCMV strain, show increased resistance to the action of cytolytic proteins, including perforin, granzyme B, streptolysin O, and porcine NK lysin Odeberg et al, 2003
497. PRKAA1 – protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit (ampk) : Inhibition of AMPK and ABL kinases reduce and inhibition of Aurora A kinase activate HCMV replication Corina et al, 2013
498. PRKACA – protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha: VIP activates HCMV major immediate-early gene expression in Ntera2 cells via cellular protein kinase A (PKA), CREB, and TORC2 Yuan et al, 2009.
499. PRKACB protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, beta: increased expression activated the HCMV major immediate early promoter Moon et al, 2008
500. PRKAR1A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha: moderate increase in PRKCA and RI alpha (PRKAR1A )at immediate early times (0.5-2 h) after HCMV infection. Later in the infection cycle (24-72 h), mRNA level for PRKAR1A and PRKCA were decreased compared with control fibroblasts Kristoffersen et al, 1994.
501. prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha enhance viral growth Clarke and May 2000.
502. PRKCA – protein kinase C, alpha: moderate increase in PRKCA and RI alpha (PRKAR1A )at immediate early times (0.5-2 h) after HCMV infection. Later in the infection cycle (24-72 h), mRNA level for PRKAR1A and PRKCA were decreased compared with control fibroblasts Kristoffersen et al, 1994.
503. PSMD1 proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 1: recruited into the viral DNA replication center along with other proteasome subunits (PSMA6 PSMC3 PSMC5 PSMD4 PSMD8 PSME3, Tran et al, 2010
504. PSMD4 – proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 4: Binds to viral UL76 Lin et al, 2013
505. PTBP1 – polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1: interacts with HCMV oriLyt DNA Kagele et al, 2012
506. PTEN – phosphatase and tensin homolog: Expression increased by infection in human aortic endothelial cells Shen et al, 2006
507. PTH – parathyroid hormone: regulates hCMV immediate-early gene promoter activation in proximal renal tubular cells Herberth et al, 2008
508. PTGS2 – prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) : Expression increased by infection via EGFR Yi et al, 2009
509. PTK2 – protein tyrosine kinase 2 (fak): HCMV infection induced phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase in astroglial or glioma cells Cobbs et al, 2007
510. PTK2B – protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta (pyk2): activated by HCMV pUS28 Streblow, 2010.
511. PTMA – prothymosin, alpha: Talpha1, produced by cleavage of prothymosin alpha has antiviral activity Ji et al, 2007
512. PTX3 – pentraxin 3, long: PTX3 binds to HCMV and the murine cytomegalovirus ,reducing viral entry and infectivity in vitro Bozza et al, 2006
513. PTPN11 – protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11 (shp2) Coimmunoprecipitation of STAT1 and SHP2 was induced by HCMV infection Baron and Davignon, 2008
514. PTPRC – protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C (CD45) : interacts with viral UL11 Gabaev et al, 2011
515. PVR – poliovirus receptor (CD155): HCMV UL141 protects against natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis by downregulating PVR cell surface expression Prod'homme et al, 2010
516. PVRL2 – poliovirus receptor-related 2 (herpesvirus entry mediator B) (CD112): HCMV UL141 induces protects against natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis by downregulating PVRL2 cell surface expression Prod'homme et al, 2010
517. PXN – paxillin: HCMV entry into target monocytes reduced in cells deficient in paxillin Nogalski et al, 2011
518. RAB5C, member RAS oncogene family: Viral microRNA's UL112-1, US5-1, and US5-2 target multiple components of the host secretory pathway, including VAMP3, RAB5C, RAB11A, SNAP23, and CDC42 Hook et al, 2014
519. RAB6A – RAB6A, member RAS oncogene family: Inhibition of Rab6 activity in HCMV-infected cells interrupted the intracellular trafficking of viral pp150 Indran and Britt, 2011
520. RAB11A – RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family: decrease in infectious virus production in HMCV infected cells expressing dominant negative RAB11A Krzyzaniak et al, 2009
521. RAB11FIP4 – RAB11 family interacting protein 4: FIP4 binds to viral glycoprotein M blocking FIP4 interaction with arf5/arf6 Krzyzaniak et al, 2009
522. RAB27A – RAB27A, member RAS oncogene family : Associates with viral envelopes Fraile-Ramos et al, 2010
523. RAD51 RAD51 recombinase: binds to viral IE72 Kulkarni and Fortunato, 2014
524. RAD51C RAD51 paralog C: Rad51 and Rad51C are tightly associated with the viral replication centers Kulkarni and Fortunato, 2011
525. RAF1 – v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1: Raf activation is involved in HCMV IEA expression Michaelis et al, 2011.
526. RAN – RAN, member RAS oncogene family: Binds to viral UL84 Lischka P et al, 2003
527. RARA – retinoic acid receptor, alpha: RARA, RARB and RARB transactivation of the hCMV major intermediate protein retinoic acid response element (retinoic acid activates the virus) Angulo et al, 1995
528. RARB – retinoic acid receptor, beta: See above Angulo et al, 1995
529. RARG – retinoic acid receptor, gamma: See above Angulo et al, 1995
530. RELB – v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B : induced by viral IE1 protein Wang and Sonenshein , 2005
531. Retroviral activation: gammaretrovirus-related class I elements HERV-T, HERV-W, HERV-F and ERV-9, and betaretrovirus-related class II elements HML-2 - 4 and HML-7 - 8, as well as spuma-virus related class III elements of the HERV-L group up-regulated in response to HCMV infection in GliNS1 cells (cancer cell lines) Assinger et al, 2013
532. RHEB – Ras homolog enriched in brain HCMV maintains mTOR complex 1 activity via colocalization of mTOR and Rheb, which occurs in association with the formation of the perinuclear assembly compartment Clippinger et al, 2011
533. RHOA – ras homolog family member A: activated by HCMV pUS28 Streblow, 2010.
534. RHOB ras homolog family member B component of the human cytomegalovirus assembly complex : Goulidaki et al, 2015
535. RICTOR – RPTOR independent companion of MTOR, complex 2: HCMV infection activates the rictor complex Kudchodkar et al, 2006
536. RIPK2 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2: transient overexpression of NOD2 or its downstream kinase, RIPK2 in U373 cells , decreases HCMV replication Kapoor et al, 2014.
537. RNASE2 ribonuclease, RNase A family, 2 (liver, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin): Treatment of cell cultures with neutralizing antibodies directed against alpha-defensins, EDN (RNASE2) , and CAMP significantly reduces the antiviral effect of leukotriene B4, suggesting that LTB(4) may act through the release of antimicrobial peptides Gaudreault and Gosselin , 2007
538. ROCK1 Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1: inactivation of RhoA or ROCK1 abrogated US28-induced human vascular smooth muscle cell migration Melnychuk et al, 2004
539. RPLP0 ribosomal protein, large, P0: viral UL84 binding partner Gao et al, 2008
540. RPTOR – regulatory associated protein of MTOR, complex 1: during HCMV infection, the rictor- and raptor-containing complexes are modified such that their substrate specificities and rapamycin sensitivities are altered Kudchodkar et al, 2006
541. RXRA – retinoid X receptor, alpha : the enhancer of the viral promoter contains three retinoic acid -response-elements that cooperate in mediating retinoic acid activation. Each of these elements bind RA receptor (RAR)-retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers more efficiently than either homodimer Angulo et al, 1996
542. RXRB – retinoid X receptor, beta: See above Angulo et al, 1996
543. RXRG – retinoid X receptor, gamma: See above Angulo et al, 1996
544. RARRES3 – retinoic acid receptor responder (tazarotene induced) 3 : degraded during HCMV infection: Scott, 2009
545. RB1 – retinoblastoma 1: viral pp71 binds to and induces the degradation of the hypophosphorylated forms of the retinoblastoma protein and its family members p107 and p130 Kalejta et al, 2003
546. RBBP4 – retinoblastoma binding protein 4: knockdown of the RBBP4 and CHD4 constituents of NuRD inhibits HCMV immediate-early RNA and viral DNA accumulation Terhune et al, 2010; viral UL84 binding partner Gao et al, 2008
547. RBL1 – retinoblastoma-like 1 (p107) : binds to HCMV IE1-72 immediate-early protein Johnson et al, 1999
548. RBL2 – retinoblastoma-like 2 (p130): viral pp71 binds to and induces the degradation of the hypophosphorylated forms of the retinoblastoma protein and its family members p107 and p130 Kalejta et al, 2003
549. RELA – v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian): HCMV infection of MRC5 fibroblasts activates RELA/NFKB1 heterodimers Khan et al, 2009
550. RIPK2 – receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 2: activation blocks HCMV replication Eickhoff et al, 2004
551. RNF139 – ring finger protein 139 (TRC8) : required for viral US2-mediated MHC I ubiquitination Stagg et al, 2009
552. RPS6KA1 – ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 90kDa, polypeptide 1: Activity maintained by infection Rodems and Spector, 1998.
553. RPS6KB1 – ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kDa, polypeptide 1 : The cellular kinases Akt1 , p70S6K and NF-kappaB activated in a PI3-K-dependent manner at similar times following HCMV infection in quiescent fibroblasts Johnson et al, 2001
554. RPS17 ribosomal protein S17: Targeted by UL122 Pichlmair et al, 2012
555. RRBP1 – ribosome binding protein 1: binds to the UL48 viral protein Ogawa-Goto et al, 2002
556. RSAD2 – radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (viperin) : Antiviral protein induced by the cytomegalovirus Chin and Cresswell, 2002 Also involved in regulation of lipid metabolism by the virus Seo and Cresswell, 2013
557. SATB1 – SATB homeobox 1: binds to the human CMV major immediate-early enhancer unique region Lee et al, 2007
558. SCAP – SREBF chaperone: production of infectious virions is reduced in SCAP-depleted cells Yu et al, 2012
559. SCD – stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9-desaturase): HCMV infection induces expression of ACACA, ACLY, FASN, HMGCR, and SCD in human foreskin fibroblastsYu et al, 2012
560. SEL1L – sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like (C. elegans): viral US11-mediated class I heavy chain degradation requires Derlin-1 and SEL1L Oresic et al, 2009
561. SELE – selectin E: viral IE72 expression increases E-selectin promoter activity in vascular endothelial cells Guetta et al, 2001
562. SEMG1 semenogelin I and SEMG2 : seminal plasma , semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (ACPP) , and semenogelin amyloids enhance human and murine cytomegalovirus infection in cell culture Tang et al, 2013
563. SERPINB9 – serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 9: transcription increased during infection with cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus or BK virus (kidney tubular epithelial cells) Heutinck et al, 2012
564. SERPINE1 – serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, pai-1),Infection of cocultivated human adipocytes and THP-1 monocytes with CMV or influenza A virus increases production of IL6 and PAI-1 Bouwman et al, 2009
565. SFTPA1 – surfactant protein A1: Binds to several viral proteins Weyer et al, 2000
566. SGSH N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase: infection with HCMV results in significant reduction in SGSH levels Pavelin et al, 2014.
567. SIRT1 – sirtuin 1 : HCMV infection of endothelial cells upregulates miR-199a-5p expression enhances cell migration and tube formation (angiogenesis) via downregulation of SIRT1/eNOS by this microrna Zhang et al, 2013
568. Sirtuins SIRT1, SIRT2 SIRT3 SIRT4 SIRT5 SIRT6 SIRT7 exert broad antiviral activity, HCMV included Koyuncu et al, 2014
569. SIX3 – SIX homeobox 3 : siX3 transfection prior to HCMV infection reduced IE1 mRNA levels in fibroblasts Xiaofei et al, 2012
570. SLC1A2: solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), expression modulated by infection in human fetal astrocytes Zhang et al, 2014.
571. SLC1A3 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3: expression modulated by infection in human fetal astrocytes Zhang et al, 2014.
572. SLC2A1 – solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 1: HCMV-specific mechanisms are used to replace GLUT1, the normal fibroblast GLUT, with GLUT4, the major glucose transporter in adipose tissue Yu et al, 2011
573. SLC2A2 solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 2: upregulated in HCMV-infected human fibroblasts Yu et al, 2014
574. SLC2A4 – solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4( glut4) activated by HCMV infection in fibroblasts Yu et al, 2011
575. SLC25A4 – solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4 (ANT) :viral vMIA from interacts with ANT to inhibit opening Halestrap and Brenner, 2003
576. SLITRK6 SLIT and NTRK like family member 6: downregulated by HCMV infection in cultured neural cells Liao et al, 2016
577. SMARCA4 – SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4: SMARCB1 along with SMARCA4 , SMARCC2 and SMARCC1, which are the core SWI/SNF components required for efficient chromatin remodeling, were present in virus replication foci 24-48 hours post infection Ranneberg-Nilsen et al, 2012
578. SMARCB1 binds to UL44 and UL114 Ranneberg-Nilsen et al, 2012
579. SNAP23 – synaptosomal-associated protein, 23kDa: Infection induces relocation of SNAP23 to the cytoplasmic viral assembly zone: knockdown of SNAP-23 inhibited the production of virus Liu et al, 2011
580. SOCS3 Viral IE1protein binds to STAT3, disrupting IL6 induced phosphorylation of STAT3, binding of STAT3 to the SOCS3 promoter and SOCS3 gene expression Reitsma et al, 2013
581. SNAPIN – SNAP-associated protein: Binds to viral UL70 protein Shen et al, 2011
582. SOD1 – superoxide dismutase 1, soluble : Glutathione levels are increased in infected cells and GCLC GPX1 and SOD1 levels increased Tilton et al, 2011
583. SOX2 SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2: upregulated by infection in glioma cell lines and primary glioma stem-like cells Fiallos et al, 2014
584. SP1 – Sp1 transcription factor: Binds to viral IE86 protein Xu and Ye, 2002
585. SP100 SP100 nuclear antigen: Binds to viral IE1 protein Kim et al, 2011
586. SPI1 – spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) proviral integration oncogene spi1: Binds to viral IE2, an effect stimulating IL1B production Wara-aswapati et al, 1999
587. SPHK1 – sphingosine kinase 1 : . HCMV infection results in increased accumulation and activity of sphingosine kinase Machesky et al, 2008
588. SPI1 – spleen focus forming virus (SFFV) proviral integration oncogene spi1: interacts with viral IE2 protein Wara-aswapati et al, 1999
589. SRC – v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homolog (avian) : US28-induced smooth muscle cell migration is mediated by focal adhesion kinase and Src.Streblow et al, 2003
590. SREBF1 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1: HCMV induces adipocyte-like lipogenesis via SREBF1 activation Yu et al, 2012
591. SREBF2 – sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 2 : HCMV infection increases the proteolytic processing of SREBF2 Spencer et al, 2011
592. SRF – serum response factor (c-fos serum response element-binding transcription factor): binds and recruits ternary complex factors to CMV, RSV and HTLV-1 viral genomes Cahill et al, 1994
593. SRPK1 – SRSF protein kinase 1: HCMV infection increases the abundance of cytoplasmic SRPK1 Gaddy et al, 2010
594. SSRP1 structure specific recognition protein 1(complexes with SUPT16H to form chromatin transcriptional elongation factor FACT which binds to the viral major immediate early promoter. Inhibition of this complex reduces MIEP transactivation, thus inhibiting viral reactivation O'Connor et al, 2016.
595. ST3GAL4 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4: Induced by infection in human umbilical vein endothelial cells Cebulla et al, 2000
596. STAR – steroidogenic acute regulatory protein: HCMV infected adrenocortical cells show increased cortisol and estrogen production, STAR up-regulation and expression of steroidogenic enzymes involved in the last steps of adrenal steroidogenesis Trevisan et al, 2009
597. STAT1 – signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, 91kDa: involved in the inhibition of the IFN-gamma signaling pathway by HCMV Baron and Davignon, 2008
598. STAT2 – signal transducer and activator of transcription 2, 113kDa: The HCMV immediate early gene 1 protein (pUL123) interacts with Stat2 and inhibits transcriptional activation of IFN-regulated genes Marshall and Geballe, 2009.
599. STAT3 – signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor): Viral US28 activates the IL6-JAK1-STAT3 signaling axis via NFKB1 Slinger et al, 2010
600. Statins have antiviral activity versus HCMV Ponroy et al, 2014
601. STX3 – syntaxin 3: Depletion of STX3 using RNA interference reduced HCMV production, while expression of a STX3 construct resistant to RNAi inhibition enhanced virus production Cepeda and Fraile-Ramos, 2011
602. SUMO1 – SMT3 suppressor of mif two 3 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae): SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 bind to viral IE2 protein Ahn et al, 2001
603. SUPT6H – suppressor of Ty 6 homolog (S. cerevisiae): Binds to viral UL6 Winkler et al, 2000
604. SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit: PRC2 catalytic activity at viral chromatin directly represses lytic transcription Abraham & Kulesza, 2013 EED (embryonic ectoderm development), EZH1 (enhancer of zeste homolog 1 ) and EZH2 are also components of the PRC2 complex
605. TAF1 – TAF1 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 250kDa : viral IE1-72 binding to the grp78 promoter in infected cells accompanied the recruitment of TAF1 and increased levels of acetylated histone H4 Shi-Chen et al, 2011
606. TAF4 – TAF4 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 135kDa: Viral IEP86 binds to TAF4 Lukac et al, 1997
607. TAP1 – transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP): Binds to viral US6 protein Hewitt et al, 2001
608. TAP2 – transporter 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP) Binds to viral US6 protein Halenius et al, 2006
609. TAPBP – TAP binding protein (tapasin): Binds to viral US3 protein. Park et al, 2004
610. TBK1 – TANK-binding kinase 1: activated by infection of primary human aortic smooth muscle cells Gravel and Servant, 2005
611. TBP – TATA box binding protein: Complexes with viral IE2 86 protein Sommer et al, 1994
612. TCEB2 – transcription elongation factor B (SIII), polypeptide 2 (18kDa, elongin B): enhances gene expression from the human cytomegalovirus genome Hwang et al, 2011
613. TERT – telomerase reverse transcriptase : HCMV activates telomerase in human diploid fibroblasts and malignant cells Strååt et al, 2009
614. TGFB1 transforming growth factor beta 1 : HCMV induces TGF-ß1 activation in renal tubular epithelial cells via MMP2 Shimamura et al, 2010
615. TGFB1I1 – transforming growth factor beta 1 induced transcript 1: downregulated by infection in human foetal foreskin fibroblasts Stanton et al, 2007
616. TFRC – transferrin receptor (p90, CD71) : incorporated into the viral envelope Cepeda et al, 2010
617. TGOLN2 – trans-golgi network protein 2: viral UL99 colocalized with , Tsg101, Hgs, and TGOLN2 Moorman et al, 2010
618. TH – tyrosine hydroxylase: persistent HCMV infection of neuroblastoma cells (> 1 year) increases expression of oncoproteins (i.e. N-myc) and decreases expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase Cinati et al, 1996
619. THBS1 – thrombospondin 1: Downregulated by the viral IE1 protein in glioblastoma cells Lee et al, 2005
620. THBS2 – thrombospondin 2: Cytomegalovirus infection decreases expression of THBS1 and THBS2 in cultured human retinal glial cells Cinati et al, 2000 and of of both TSP1 and TSP2 mRNA and protein expressions in foetal astrocytes Zhang et al, 2013.
621. THY1 – Thy-1 cell surface antigen: downregulated by infection of human fibroblasts Leis et al, 2004.
622. TICAM1 – toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1: induced by HCMV infection in monocytes Yew et al, 2010
623. TIMP1 – TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1: viral IE1 stimulates the prolonged expression of CTGF and TIMP1 in fibroblasts Markiewicz et al, 2004.
624. TIRAP – toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adaptor protein: TIRAP signaling is blocked in monocytes incubated with Toledo strain HCMV Yew et al, 2012
625. TKT – transketolase: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
626. TLR1 – toll-like receptor 1: TLR2/TLR1 heterodimer is a functional sensor for HCMV Boehme et al, 2006.
627. TLR2 – toll-like receptor 2: HCMV envelope glycoproteins B and H are necessary for TLR2 activation in permissive cells Boehme et al, 2006.
628. TLR3 – toll-like receptor 3: infection of monocyte-derived dendritic cells upregulates TLR3, CXCL10, CXCL11, and CCL5, and interferons IFNA1 and IFNB1 Mezger et al, 2009
629. TLR4 – toll-like receptor 4: TLR4/LY96/CD14 complex contributes notably to HCMV-induced signaling and subsequent cytokine production in monocytes Yew et al, 2012
630. TLR9 – toll-like receptor 9: induced by HCMV infection in monocytes Yew et al, 2010
631. TMEM173 – transmembrane protein 173 (STING) : viral MIA expression dampens signalling downstream from MAVS by inducing a reduction in the MAVS–STING association Castanier et al, 2010
632. TNF tumour necrosis factor TNFalpha enhances the basal activity of the major Immediate Early (IE) enhancer/promoter Prösch et al, 1995
633. TNFRSF1A – tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1A: Viral pUL138 coprecipitates with tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 Le et al, 2011
634. TNFRSF9 – tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 9: Highly purified CD28(-) CD45RA(hi) CD8(+) T cells stimulated with viral peptide presented by autologous monocytes show early up-regulation of CD137 (TNFRSF9) and CD278 (ICOS), re-express CD28, and proliferate with high cloning efficiency Waller et al, 2007
635. TNFRSF10A – tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a: (Trail-R1) UL141 binds to and downregulates Trail-R1 and Trail R2: Smith et al, 2013
636. TNFRSF10B – tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b (Trail-R2): Binds to viral UL141 Nemcovicová et al, 2013
637. TP53 – tumor protein p53 : Binds to viral mtrII protein Muralidhar et al, 1996
638. TP73 – tumor protein p73: p73 beta inhibits the CMV and HIV LTR and cyc A promoters Deb et al, 2001
639. TPI1 – triosephosphate isomerase 1: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
640. TRA T cell receptor alpha locus: TRA and TRB involved in antigen response to HCMV Brennan et al, 2007
641. TRB T cell receptor beta locus: TRA and TRB involved in antigen response to HCMV Brennan et al, 2007
642. TRAF6 – TNF receptor-associated factor 6, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase : viral UL144 protein activates NFkappaB via TRAF6 Poole et al, 2006
643. TRAM1 – translocation associated membrane protein 1: complexes with viral US2 and US11 proteins Oresic et al, 2009
644. TRIM23 – tripartite motif containing 23: cofactor involved in the regulation of NF-kappaB by HCMV Poole et al, 2009
645. TSC1 – tuberous sclerosis 1: viral protein UL38 interacts with TSC1 and TSC2 in cells infected with wild-type cytomegalovirus Moorman et al, 2008
646. TSC2 – tuberous sclerosis 2 See above Moorman et al, 2008
647. TSG101 – tumor susceptibility gene 101: viral pUL99 trafficking utilizes the ESCRT pathway, including TSG101 and HGS Moorman et al, 2010
648. TUBA1B – tubulin, alpha 1b: associates with viral UL32 protein Moorman et al, 2010
649. TUBB – tubulin, beta class I: associates with viral UL32 protein Moorman et al, 2010
650. TYMS – thymidylate synthetase: infection induces gene expression in quiescent fibroblasts Gribaudo et al, 2002.
651. UBA7 ubiquitin like modifier activating enzyme 7 (ube1L): viral pUL26 interacts with ISG15, UBA7, and Herc5 Kim et al, 2016
652. UBB – ubiquitin B: associates with viral UL99 Moorman et al, 2010
653. UBE2I – ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I: binds to viral IE2 protein Ahn et al, 2001
654. UBE2V1 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1: viral UL84 binding partner Gao et al, 2008
655. UBR5 ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin 5: Regulated by viral UL38 McKinney et al, 2013
656. ULBP1 – UL16 binding protein 1: Binds to viral UL16, as do ULBP2 and ULBP3 Cosman et al, 2001
657. USP7 – ubiquitin specific peptidase 7 (herpes virus-associated): UL35 and UL35a viral proteins interact with USP7 Salsman et al, 2012
658. Valproic acid (HDAC inhibitor) Therapeutic valproate concentrations (< or =1 mM) increased HCMV immediate early antigen, late antigen, and viral titres of different endotheliotropic and non-endotheliotropic HCMV strains in a concentration- and time-dependent manner up to 30-fold Michaelis et al, 2008.
659. VAMP3 vesicle-associated membrane protein 3: Viral microRNA's UL112-1, US5-1, and US5-2 target multiple components of the host secretory pathway, including VAMP3, RAB5C, RAB11A, SNAP23, and CDC42 Hook et al, 2014
660. VCAM1 – vascular cell adhesion molecule 1: upregulated by infection in porcine endothelial cells Ghielmetti et al, 2009
661. VEGFA – vascular endothelial growth factor A: HCMV infection triggers induction of VEGF and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR /VEGFR2) mRNAs in fibroblasts Heiske et al, 2012
662. VCL – vinculin: Host virion component Varnum et al, 2004
663. VCP – valosin containing protein : viral US2 participates in recruiting VCP into ER-associated degradation complexes Chevalier and Johnson , 2003.
664. VIM – vimentin: In vimentin null fibroblasts, viral particles remained in the cytoplasm longer than in vimentin(+/+) cells Miller and Hertel, 2009 viral UL84 binding partner Gao et al, 2008
665. VIP – vasoactive intestinal peptide : VIP immediately and dose-dependently (1 to 500 nM) activates HCMV major immediate-early gene expression in Ntera2 cells via cellular protein kinase A (PKA), CREB, and TORC2: VIP receptors include VIPR1 and VIPR2 Yuan et al, 2009.
666. Vitamin D: 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces lytic replication marked by upregulation of HCMV gene expression and production of infectious virus in peripheral blood monocytes and in the THP-1 monocytic cell line Wu and Miller, 2015
667. VPRBP – Vpr (HIV-1) binding protein (Dcaf1): interacts with viral UL35 protein Salsman et al, 2012
668. VPS4A – vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog A (S. cerevisiae): knockout blocks viral replication at a step after the accumulation of late viral proteins Tandon et al, 2009
669. VPS4B – vacuolar protein sorting 4 homolog B (S. cerevisiae): VPS4A and VPS4B knockdown inhibits EGFR sorting to lysosomes, the formation of HIV Gag-derived virus-like particles and vesicular stomatitis virus infection, but enhanced the number of HCMV viral particles produced Fraile-Ramos et al, 2007
670. WASF2 WAS protein family, member 2 (wave2): Viral protein UL135 interacts directly with ABI1 and ABI2 to recruit the WAVE2 regulatory complex to the plasma membrane Stanton et al, 2014
671. WASL – Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome-like: Knockdown blocked HCMV-induced but not phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced monocyte motility Chan et al, 2009
672. WISP2 – WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2: seven down- or up-regulated genes CRIM1 , WISP2 , COL12A1 , COL11A2 , CNTN5 , DDR1 , VEGF , are significantly correlated to rubella , HCMV and HSV-2 infections in ECV304 cells Mo et al, 2011
673. WNT5A – wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5A: CMV infection decreases expression of wnt-5a/b in stem cells Kapoor et al, 2013
674. WT1 – Wilms tumor 1: Binds to viral IE2 protein Kim et al, 2000
675. XBP1 – X-box binding protein 1: HCMV infection activated the ERN1 pathway, as indicated by splicing of Xbp-1 mRNA Isler et al, 2005
676. XIAP X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis: an interaction between HCMV-activated Akt and HSF1 that allowed the synthesis of both cap- and internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-containing antiapoptotic mRNAs such as myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) Peppenelli et al, 2018.
677. XPO1 – exportin 1 (CRM1 homolog, yeast) : Involved in nuclear export of viral phosphoprotein 65 Frankenberg et al, 2012
678. XRCC5 – X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 (double-strand-break rejoining): viral UL84 binding partner Gao et al, 2008
679. YY1 – YY1 transcription factor: binds to the major IE promoter/regulatory region and mediates repression of HCMV IE gene expression Liu et al, 1994.
680. YWHAG – tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, gamma polypeptide: interacts with viral UL35 protein Salsman et al, 2012
681. YWHAE – tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, epsilon polypeptide : interacts with viral UL35 protein Salsman et al, 2012
682. YWHAQ tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, theta polypeptide: viral UL84 binding partner Gao et al, 2008
683. YWHAZ – tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide: interacts with viral UL35 protein Salsman et al, 2012
684. ZBP1 – Z-DNA binding protein 1: essential for IRF3 activation and interferon beta expression triggered by HCMV DeFilippis et al, 2010
685. ZMYND11 zinc finger, MYND-type containing 11 : Targeted by UL122 Pichlmair et al, 2012

High Throughput experiments

Identification of proteins in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) particles: the HCMV proteome Varnum et al, 2004

Host virion components: ACTA2 ACTB ACTN1 ANPEP ANXA1 ANXA2 ANXA5 ANXA6 ARF1 ATP1A1 CALR CFL1 CLTC CSNK2A1 CSNK2A2 DDX1 DDX3X DNAJA1 EEF1A1 EEF1G EEF2 EIF4A1 ENO1 FLNA GAPDH GDI2 GRB2 HSP90AA1 HSP90AB1 HSP90B1 HSPA1B HSPA2 HSPA5 HSPA7 HSPA8 IQGAP1 KRT1 KRT9 LDHA LDHB MFGE8 MSN MYH9 PDIA3 PGK1 PPIA PPP1CA PPP2R1A SLC3A2 TAGLN2 TKT TPI1 TRIP6 TUBA1B TUBB UBA52 VCL VIM YWHAB YWHAE YWHAQ YWHAZ

associated with isolated HCMV dense bodies: ACTA2 ACTB ANXA2 ARF1 COL9A2 DDX3X EEF1A1 EYA1 GAPDH HSPA8 LGALS3BP SYNE2 Identification of cellular proteins that interact with human cytomegalovirus immediate-early protein 1 by protein array assay. Martínez and Tang, 2013.

ACD AGER APC ATF4 ATXN2 AXIN1 BCAS2 BCLAF1 BRPF1 BRPF3 CACNA1H CDC25A CDCA4 CDK5RAP3 DAXX DCAF5 EIF4B ENO2 ERBB3 FAM160A2 FAM193B FGFR3 G3BP2 GGA1 GOLGA2 GON4L HDAC10 HNRNPF HSP90B1 IER2 IP6K1 KDM6B KLF4 KMT2D KNDC1 L3MBTL1 MAGED4 MED29 MEIS2 MICALL1 MMP2 MTSS1 MTSS1L NCOA5 NCOR2 NELFE NUMA1 PCGF2 PEX19 PIP5K1C PPFIA1 PPFIA3 PPM1G PPP6R2 PRDM8 RBM10 RBM5 RNF10 ROBO3 SH3GL2 SMTN SPAG7 SPSB3 SQSTM1 SRSF2 STAU1 SULT1A1 TCF3 TNFAIP2 TNKS1BP1 TNRC18 TNS3 TRIM33 TTC3 ULK1 USP54 ZFP36L2 ZXDC

A Systemic Network Triggered by Human Cytomegalovirus Entry Wang et al, 2011 (primary human foreskin fibroblasts )

A comprehensive regulatory network linked to HCMV entry ABO ATP7A CANX CTNNA1 DHX9 EGFR ELAVL2 IGHM IL1R1 IL1RN KRAS LRP6 MMP14 NRG2 PRKAR1A PXN RAB5A SEL1L TGFBR2 THBS1 TIMP2 TIP1 TRAM1

Functional modules activated at 5 min post-infection; ATP7A CALR CASP2 CBFB CD44 COPA DAB2 DAF DHX9 EGFR ENG ETV6 FGFR1 GNB4 GNG12 GNG4 IBSP IL1RN IL21 IL4 LAMP1 LOX LRP6 MAPK1 MAT2A MBLN1 MMP14 NASP NRAS PAK2 PICALM PTGIS RAB1A RAB6A RAG2 RPS10 RS1 RSMA RUNX1 SCARA3 SCARB2 SFRS1 SOS1 SUPT16H TEK TFRC TRAM1 TXNDC YWHAZ

activated network at 25 min post infection .AHNAK ANKH ANXA1 AP3B2 APOH ATP7A AVPR1B BAPX1 BNADL BRE CALR CCNB2 CCR5 CD86 CDH3 CLEC4E CLN6 CLSTN2 CLU COL9A2 CRSP3 CTBP1 CYR61 DCP2 DGKA DLGAP1 DLX2 DOK2 EGR1 EIF2S3 ELAVL2 ETV6 FADS1 FAM14B FEN1 FOXK2 FOXP1 FTL GATA4 GLP1R GRAP HNRPU HOXA2 IL21 KRAS LIMK1 LLGL1 LMAN1L LMAN2 LMO2 LOC56902 LRP6 LSM4 MAPK10 MAZ MBP MIB1 NASP NFIB NRG2 NTRK3 P140 PARK2 PGAM4 PIP5K3 PLIN POLA PPP4R1 PPT2 PRB4 PTPN12 PTPRS RAB1A RAP2A RASGRP2 RORA RPS10 RPS9 RUNX1 SCARB1 SEL1L SERPINA1 SGCA SLC10A1 SLC17A2 SNX5 SOS1 SOX6 TARBP1 TCF4 TDGF1 TFAP2B TJP1 TNP2 TP73L TRIM26 TRPM1 TRUB1 TXNDC UBE2H VIT VMD2 WNT4 ZRF1 upregulated by HCMV entry at both 5 min and 25 min post infection: ADRA1A ANKH ANXA13 AP3B2 APOH AQP9 ARID1B ATP7A AVPR1B CCNB2 CHD3 CHST12 CLEC4E CLN3 CLU COL9A2 CR1L CRSP3 CXCL14 DAPP1 DCP2 DGKA DLGAP1 DLX2 DOK2 EGFR EGR1 ETV5 FAM14B FBXO17 FLJ20185 FOXP1 GARNL9 GATA4 GLP1R GNAO1 GRAP GRIA1 HOXA2 IBSP IGHG1 IGHM IL1RAPL1 IL1RN IL21 IL4 INADL KIAA1109 KRAS LMO2 MAPK10 MBP NASP NEDO4L NFIB NPR3 NRG2 NRP1 P140 PARK2 PDE8A PGAM4 PHF8 PIP5K3 PLIN POLA PPP4R1 PPT2 PRB4 PRRS PSORS1C2 PTPN12 PTPRS RAB1A RAD51L1 RAG2 RASGRP RELA RNASE2 RORA RPS9 RUNX1 SCARB1 SCUBE3 SERPINA1 SGCA SLC10A1 SLC17A2 SLC34A2 SNX5 SORCS2 SOS1 SOST SOX1 SOXB SPA1L2 TARBP1 TCF4 TFAP2B TJP1 TNP2 TP73L TRIM26 TRPC5 TRPM1 TRUB1 USP37 VIT VMD2 WWP2 ZA2001 ZNF155 ZNF621 ZRF1

Downregulated 5 min post infection ABCC4 ADAM9 AHNAK AMFR AMOTL1 ANKRD17 ARHGDIA ARL6IP2 ARPC4 ASPH ATP13A3 BTN3A1 C11ORF9 C12ORF38 C18ORF4 C19ORF6 CALM1 CALM2 CANX CASP2 CBFB CD276 CD44 CDC5L CHMP4B CLIC4 CNGB1 COPA CPD CYB5R3 CYBRD1 DAAM2 DAB2 DAF DDX3X DHX9 DKFZP434 EDG3 EHD2 ELL2 ENG EPHA8 ETFA FADS1 FEN1 FGFR1 FLJ39639 FLJ45455 FN1 FTL FUS GLUL GNB4 GNG12 GNS HNRPU HP1BP3 HSPB6 IL1R1 IL6ST KIAA1736 LAMP1 LIMK1 LMAN1 LMAN2 LOC44105 LOC56902 LOX LOXL2 LRRFIP1 MAP2K2 MAT2A MAZ MBNL1 MGC33725 MMP14 MON1A MYH16 NBR1 NNT NRAS NSMAF PAFAH1B1 PAK2 PCDHGA1 PCDHGB3 PCDHGB5 PCDHGC3 PHF22 PRKAR1A PSMA1 PTGIS PVT1 PXN QKI RAB5A RAB6A RBP5 RS1 SCARA3 SCARB2 SDHC SEC61A1 SEL1L SHC1 SLC7A8 SMAD3 SORBS3 SUV420H2 SYT2 TEX14 TFRC TGFBR2 THBS1 TINAGL1 TMED2 TMEM119 TMEM30A TPP1 TRAM1 TXN TYRO3P UBXD3 WDR1 YKT6 YTHDF3 YWHAZ ZADH2 ZFP36L2 ZNF43

Downregulated 25 min post infection ABCC4 ADAM9 AHNAK AMFR ANKRD17 ARHGDIA ARL6IP2 ARPC4 ASPH ATP13A3 BTN3A1 C11ORF9 C12ORF38 C18ORF4 C19ORF6 CALM1 CALM2 CANX CASP2 CBFB CD276 CD44 CDC5L CHMP4B CLIC4 CNGB1 COPA CPD CRKRS CYB5R3 CYBRD1 DAAM2 DAB2 DAF DDX3X DHX9 DKFZP434 EDG3 EHD2 ELL2 ENG EPHA8 ETFA FADS1 FEN1 FGFR1 FLJ39639 FLJ40244 FLJ45455 FN1 FTL FUS GLUL GNB4 GNG12 GNS HNRPU HP1BP3 HSPB6 IL1R1 IL6ST KIAA1736 LAMP1 LIMK1 LMAN1 LMAN2 LOC44105 LOC56902 LOX LOXL2 LRRFIP1 MAP2K2 MAT2A MAZ MBNL1 MGC13175 MGC13821 MGC33725 MMP14 MON1A MYH16 NBR1 NNT NRAS NSMAF PAFAH1B1 PAK2 PCDHGA1 PCDHGB3 PCDHGB5 PCDHGC3 PHF22 PRKAR1A PSMA1 PTGIS PVT1 PXN QKI RAB5A RAB6A RBP5 RS1 SCARA3 SCARB2 SDHC SEC61A1 SEL1L SHC1 SLC7A8 SMAD3 SORBS3 SUV420H2 SYT2 TEX14 TFRC TGFBR2 THBS1 TINAGL1 TMED2 TMEM119 TMEM30A TPP1 TRAM1 TXN TYRO3P UBXD3 WDR1 YKT6 YTHDF3 YWHAZ ZADH2 ZFP36L2 ZNF43

A viral microRNA down-regulates multiple cell cycle genes through mRNA 5'UTRs. Grey et al 2010

CMV microRNA host targets (Top 20) : ASPSCR1 ASRGL1 ATP6V0C BCKDHA BLVRA BRCC3 CCDC58 CCNE2 CD147 DBN1 EID1 H3F3B HIST2H4A LOC440093 MAPRE2 NUCB2 POP4 PSMA4 SGK SGSH also TRIM28

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Human Cytomegalovirus Reprograms Monocyte Differentiation toward an M1 Macrophage Chan et al, 2008

Selected statistically significant monocyte mRNAs that increase or decrease =1.5-fold 4 hrs post-infection with HCMV: Upregulated: ADAMD1 AGRN APOBEC3G ARNT2 BCL2A1 BIRC3 CCL18 CCL2 CCL20 CCL23 CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCL7 CCL8 CD44 CD47 CD80 CFLAR CLIC4 CSF2 CSF3 CXCL10 CXCL11 CXCL2 CXCL3 CXCL5 DNAJC3 EREG FEZ1 FLT1 G1P2 GADD45B HDAC9 HSPA1A HSPA9B HSPD1 ICAM1 IER3 IFI16 IFI35 IFNA1 IFNA10 IFNA2 IFNAR2 IL10 IL12B IL15 IL18 IL1B IL1RN IL6 IL7 IL8 INHBA IRF7 ISG20 ISGF3G ITGA1 ITGA6 ITGB8 JAG1 LAMB3 LTB MARCKS MMP1 MMP10 MMP14 MT3 MX1 MX2 NFKB1 NINJ1 NOTCH2 OAS1 OSM PBEF1 PI3 PLAUR PLEKHC1 PRKR PTGS2 RELA SCARF1 SERPINB2 SERPINB9 SERPINE2 SOCS3 SPP1 STAT1 STAT2 THBS1 TNF TNFAIP2 TNFAIP3 TNFAIP6 TNFAIP8 TNFRSF6 TNFSF10 TNFSF14 TRIM22 TXN VNN2 XCL1

Downregulated: ACTN4 ANPEP ANXA4 ARHGDIB ARPC1B BIN1 CCR1 CD86 CD9 CEBPG CIB1 CLSTN1 COL7A1 CORO1A CSF3R CSPG2 CTNND1 DDAH2 ECGF1 ENG FLNB FPRL2 GRN HDAC1 IFNGR1 IK ILK ITGA5 ITGAM ITGB2 LGALS1 LOC51668 LSP1 LST1 MALT1 MAPK14 MYO10 PDLIM7 PECAM1 PTK2B PTPRC PURA RASA1 SIPA1 SIVA SKI STAB1 TGFB1 TGFBI TIMP2 TNFSF8 UBE2V1 VEGF VG5Q YWHAH ZYX Also upregulated : AK3 BCL2A1 BIRC3 CCL18 CCL20 CCL23 CCL5 CCR7 CXCL10 CXCL11 GADD45A HSXIAPAF1 IL12B IL15 IL15RA IL2RG IL6 IL7R INDO INHBA IRF1 IRF7 OAS2 PBEF1 PFKFB3 PSMB9 PSME2 PTX3 SLC7A5 TNF TNFRSF6 TNFSF10

Downregulated: CSPG2 CXCR4 ECGF1 FGL2 LTA4H SLC4A7 TGFB1 TGFBR2 .

Quantitative Proteomic Analyses of Human Cytomegalovirus-Induced Restructuring of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondrial Contacts at Late Times of Infection Zhang et al, 2011

Known mitochondria-associated membrane proteins induced at late times of HCMV infection ACAT1 CALR CANX ERLIN1 ERLIN2 ERO1L ERP44 HSPA5 HSPA9 MFN1 PDIA3 SIGMAR1 VDAC1 VDAC2 VDAC3

also induced by HCMV infection at late times: DAD1 DDOST RPN1 RPN2 SEC61A1 SEC61A1 SEC61B SEC61B SEC62 SEC63 SRP54 SRP68 SRP72 SRPR SRPRB SSR1 SSR3 Mitochondria-associated membrane proteins with highest induction at late times of HCMV infection: ALDH2 C19orf10 GRPEL1 HSD17B10 HSPA9 HSPD1 HSPE1 MANF MESDC2 OCIAD2 PHB SLC25A13 TIMM44 Also increased GOSR2 PHB

Mitochondria-associated membrane proteins decreased at late times of HCMV infection CALD1 CD99 COL12A1 COL1A1 COL1A2 COL6A1 COL6A3 FN1 KRT13 TAGLN THBS1 Increased association of many glycolytic and TCA cycle and related enzymes including: ACO2 ACSL4 ALDOA ALDOC COX2 CS DLAT ENO1 FH GAPDH GPI HK1 IDH2 IDH3B LDHA LDHB MDH2 OGDH PDHA1 PDHB PFKP PFKPL PFKPM PGM5 PKM2 SDHA SDHB SUCLA2 SUCLG1 SUCLG2

Effect of the human cytomegalovirus IE86 protein on expression of E2F-responsive genes: A DNA microarray analysis Song and Stinski, 2002

cellular genes upregulated 4-fold or higher by the IE86 protein APITD1 BARD1 BLM BTG3 CASP3 CCNE1 CDK1 CDT1 CSPG5 DCK DDX23 DHFR DLEU1 DNAJC9 E2F1 EZH2 FEN1 FLAD1 FOXM1 H2AFX HMGB2 KIAA0101 KIF11 MAD2L1 MCM2 MCM3 MCM5 MCM6 MCM7 MSH2 MYBL2 NASP PCNA PNP POLA1 POLD3 PPIH PSMC3IP PTTG1 RAB27A RAD2 RAD51C RFC2 RFC3 RFC4 RPA1 RRM1 SLC29A1 TFAM TK1 TMEM106C TMPO TOPBP1 TPX2 TYMS UMPS UNG ZWINT

Human kinome profiling identifies a requirement for AMP-activated protein kinase during human cytomegalovirus infection Terry et al, 2012

Kinases where 3 siRNA knockdown experiments decreased viral yield: TAF1, PCK1, NME5, DYRK1A, CSNK1D, CDKL2, CDC2L5, PRKAA1 PRKAG1 WEE1: Kinases where 3 siRNA knockdown experiments increased viral yield: CSNK1A1

Saturated Very Long Chain Fatty Acids Are Required for the Production of Infectious Human Cytomegalovirus Progeny Koyuncu et al, 2013 (Human MRC5 fibroblasts)

• siRNA knockdown increases viral production: ACAA1 AGPAT6 AGPAT9 NCOA6IP ST3GAL6 SULT1E1 SYNPR
• siRNA knockdown decreases viral production: ACACA ACSL1 AGXT2 ART1 CA7 CDY2B ELOVL2 ELOVL3 GATM GGT3 HS3ST1 LOC541473 LTC4S MCCC2 MGAT1 OTOP3 SEC22B SLC27A3 SLC27A6 STX5 STX6 STX8 TALDO1 TKTL1 TYMS UGT3A2 UST WARS

Identification of cellular proteins that interact with human cytomegalovirus immediate-early protein 1 by protein array assay. Martínez and Tang, 2013 .

ACD AGER APC ATF4 ATXN2 AXIN1 BCAS2 BCLAF1 BRPF1 BRPF3 CACNA1H CDC25A CDCA4 CDK5RAP3 DAXX DCAF5 EIF4B ENO2 ERBB3 FAM160A2 FAM193B FGFR3 G3BP2 GGA1 GOLGA2 GON4L HDAC10 HNRNPF HSP90B1 IER2 IP6K1 KDM6B KLF4 KMT2D KNDC1 L3MBTL1 MAGED4 MED29 MEIS2 MICALL1 MMP2 MTSS1 MTSS1L NCOA5 NCOR2 NELFE NUMA1 PCGF2 PEX19 PIP5K1C PPFIA1 PPFIA3 PPM1G PPP6R2 PRDM8 RBM10 RBM5 RNF10 ROBO3 SH3GL2 SMTN SPAG7 SPSB3 SQSTM1 SRSF2 STAU1 SULT1A1 TCF3 TNFAIP2 TNKS1BP1 TNRC18 TNS3 TRIM33 TTC3 ULK1 USP54 ZFP36L2 ZXDC

Plasma Membrane Profiling Defines an Expanded Class of Cell Surface Proteins Selectively Targeted for Degradation by HCMV US2 in Cooperation with UL141 Hsu et al, 2015

US2 Degraded proteins:- ANO6 APP ARFGEF1 AXL CD18 GPR124 HLA-A HLAC IGF2R IGSF3 IL12RB1 ITGA1 ITGA2 ITGA4 ITGA5 ITGA7 ITGAL ITGAM ITGB1 LILRB4 LRRC4B PTPRJ PVRL2 SDC2 SLC12A7 SLC6A8 TGOLN2 THBD TRPV2

Downregulated by UL141:- BST2 COL1A2 COL6A2 COL6A3 PVR PVRL2 SEMA5A TCOF1 TNFRSF1A TRAILR2 TRAILR4 Altered cellular mRNA levels in human cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts: viral block to the accumulation of antiviral mRNAs.Browne et al, 2001

> Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture at 30 min time point after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain).

ADH1A AJAP1 ALB APBA2 APOM ASPA BTF3P12 C19orf26 C1orf61 C4BPB CAMK2G CASK CAV3 CCDC64 CD38 COL2A1 COL6A1 COL6A2 CTNNA2 DCTN5 DUSP1 EGR2 EGR3 EYA4 FAM13A FIGF FOS GC GPX3 HSF2BP IFI27 IL10RB JUNB KITLG KRT37 LCN2 LOC100288583 NFATC3 PDYN PLXDC1 POT1 PTK2B PTK7 RGS6 RHOB SIX6 SMARCD2 SOCS3 ST8SIA3 TFEC THBS1 TRADD TRDV2 TSFM ZER1 ZFP36

Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture at 30 min time point after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain).

ABCA4 ACTN2 ALMS1 ATG5 AURKA AXL BCAS1 BRCA2 BTN3A2 C16orf88 C1orf144 C1orf63 C1orf9 C5orf45 CACNA1E CASP6 CBFA2T3 CDC40 CDC42 CDH13 CDK1 CEL CENPE CHL1 COLEC10 CUBN CXCL6 CYP4F2 DDX17 DHFR DLGAP1 DMXL1 DSP DST DUSP2 DUSP4 EEA1 EEF1A1 EPB42 FAM169A FAM65B GALK2 GJA1 GJA4 GLB1L2 GLMN GLOD4 GNRH1 GPSM3 GRIA3 GRM5 GSTTP1 GZMK HIST1H2BJ HMBS HN1L HOXD3 IFNG IL9R IPO8 ISG20L2 ITGB2 ITPKA ITSN2 KALRN KCNF1 KIAA0226 KIFC1 KLRK1 LAPTM5 LMO7 LRP8 LRRC17 LYZL6 MAP1A MAPKAPK5 MET MIOS MLL2 MMP3 MOGS MUC4 MUSK NCAPH NFYA NLRP1 NOVA1 NR1H3 NTSR1 OLIG2 OPHN1 OPRK1 ORC4 OTC P2RY10 PAEP PION POLR2D PPFIA2 PRKAB2 PRKAR2B PTH PTP4A1 PTPN21 PVALB RABGAP1L RAG2 RALGPS1 RANBP6 RCC1 RER1 RFX1 RGS3 RHCE RUFY3 SAA4 SHC2 SIRPA SLC12A1 SLC25A12 SLC6A15 SMAD6 SOCS1 SSTR4 SSX5 ST5 TAF13 TGM3 THPO TJP1 TLX2 TMEM186 TNFRSF1B TNFSF11 TRAF3IP3 TROVE2 TSC22D2 TWISTNB UGCG USPL1 VAPB VAV1 VDAC1 VWA5A XCL2 ZNF124 ZNF142 ZNF205 ZNF749 ZSCAN12

> Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 1 h time point that were not up-regulated at the previous time point, 30 min. AFF2 AGTPBP1 ATP2B2 ATP2B4 BCL2L11 BFSP2 BRD3 C1orf95 CD4 CHST1 CLGN CXCL1 CXCL2 DEFA6 FGFR3 FSCN2 FUT9 GPR18 GRIA1 GRK1 GSS HLF HTR7 IGF1R IGFBP5 IL24 IL6 IL6ST IL8 KIAA0485 KLHL23 LDLR MAZ MBTPS2 MFAP3 MMP14 MT4 NDST1 NR4A1 ONECUT1 PCBP4 PCDH7 PMP2 POU1F1 PPP1R13B PRKCA PTENP1 PTPN11 RASGRP1 RET SEMA3D SIK1 SLC6A1 SOX5 TBX5 TFRC TLL2 UBE2B VAT1 WIZ ZBTB22

Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 1 h time point that were not down-regulated at the previous time point, 30 min. ACHE AGGF1 AGTR2 AKAP10 AKT3 AMOT ARHGEF12 ATF1 ATF7 B3GALNT1 B3GNT1 BBS4 BCKDK BCL6 BCS1L BLK BRS3 BTC BTN3A3 C17orf108 CACNA1E CACNB2 CBY1 CCDC22 CCL23 CCNB1 CCNE1 CDK5 CDKN1B CDR1 CGGBP1 CHML CLCN6 CLDN4 CLDN7 CLDN8 CNOT8 CNP COL11A2 CSF2RB CTPS CUBN DCAF7 DCC DDIT4 DDX23 DFFA DHX30 DHX57 DIEXF DLG4 DUSP9 DYNC1I2 DYRK2 DYRK4 E2F1 E2F4 EDDM3A EIF2C2 EIF5B EMG1 EPX ERI3 ESM1 ETFB ETFDH ETS1 F2RL1 FABP2 FAIM3 FAM168B FGF8 FOLR2 FRAT2 FRMPD4 GABBR1 GABPB1 GCNT1 GDF11 GDF5 GGA3 GHRHR GPD1 GPR19 GPR44 GRIN1 GSTT1 GTF2E1 HERC3 HIC2 HIPK2 HIST1H2BJ HLA-DPB1 HMGCL HOMER1 HOXA9 HRAS HSPA4 IAH1 ICA1 IFT88 IMP4 INHBA IQSEC2 JMJD6 KAT8 KATNB1 KIF14 KNTC1 KRR1 KYNU LIN37 MAD1L1 MAN2B2 MANBA ME3 MGMT MGRN1 MIR483 MLLT11 MMP16 MORC2 MPDU1 MPPED2 MT1A MTM1 MYB MYBPC3 MYF5 MYL4 MYL5 NAT2 NAT6 NCAPH2 NDUFB7 NFAT5 NGF NMNAT2 NUPL2 OCA2 OMG PAK1 PAX2 PCSK7 PHKA1 PIAS3 PIGQ PIP PLA2G5 PLCB4 PMS2P3 POLD2 POLG POU6F1 PPARD PPARG PPFIBP2 PPIH PRPH2 PRRC1 PSCA PSMB8 PSMD13 PTGER1 PTPRR RABGGTA RBM6 RDH11 RER1 RIF1 RUNX1T1 S1PR1 SBF1 SCN8A SEC16A SERPINA5 SERPINB10 SIX1 SKIL SLC11A1 SLC16A2 SLC16A5 SLCO2A1 SMAD5 SPAG9 SPN SPOP SRGAP2 SRPX2 SSH1 STRA13 SUMO2 SUPT7L TAF1B TBXA2R TERF2 TFR2 TH THOC1 TLX2 TMCO6 TOX4 TRPC2 TTF2 TXN2 TYRP1 UCKL1 UHRF2 UTY VAPB VASH1 WSCD1 WT1 WT1-AS XYLT1 YTHDC1 YY1 ZFYVE9 ZNF135 ZNF174 ZNF238 ZNF710

> Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 10 h time point that were not down-regulated at the previous time point, 8 h. ADORA2B AHR AIMP2 ANKRD28 ANP32A ARHGAP29 B2M BDNF BLK CBLB EEF1A1 EMP1 ETV1 FBXL2 FRY GEMIN2 GLOD4 HOXA11 IGF2BP3 IRS1 KIF11 KLF9 LOC730101 METTL13 MGA MTUS1 NDUFB7 NIPBL NR3C1 NT5E NUPL2 OGG1 PARP4 PCF11 PNN PNOC PRKY PTGFR RAD17 RANBP6 RBMS1 RDH11 RGS20 RHOBTB1 RIN2 RUNX1 SCN8A SETX SLC5A4 SON ST5 STAMBP TCF7L2 TTC30A ZNF187 ZNF23

> Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 10 h time point that were not up-regulated at the previous time point, 8 h.

AKAP17A ANP32E ARFIP2 ASCL2 ATP6V1C1 ATRN BCL2L11 BRAF C13orf41 C1orf63 C4BPB CASK CBLB CCL5 CCL8 CCNE2 CDC6 CDR2L CEL CGRRF1 CLP1 CREM CRLF1 CXCL11 DIS3 DNAJB6 DNAJB9 DNAJC3 EP300 ERVW-1 FEN1 FGFR3 FKBP5 FMOD FOSB FOXJ1 FUBP1 GBF1 GBP1 GBP2 GNL1 HCG26 HERPUD1 HIC2 HIST1H3D IFI6 IFNA5 IL1RAP IL24 IL6 ING1 ITPR1 JUNB KIAA0247 LIG4 LRRN3 MAP2 MBD1 MKNK2 MNDA MSX1 MUC7 NCF2 NFATC3 NKX2-5 NUPL1 NXF1 NXT2 PBX2 PCDH9 PIGH POM121 POU2F1 PPP1R13B PRPF19 PTPRD PTPRE RGS2 RMND5A RRAD SERPINI1 SLC6A8 SLC7A5 SNRK SOS1 SOX5 SST TAF13 TAF4 TAF5L TIAL1 TOP1 TRIM52 YKT6 YY1 ZNF10 ZNF177 ZNF197 ZNF428 ZNF473 ZRSR2

> Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 12 h time point that were not up-regulated at the previous time point, 10 h.

AGTR1 AHCTF1 ALDH3B2 ARRB2 ASNS AUTS2 B4GALT5 BMP2 BRAF BTN2A1 BTRC C10orf137 C18orf25 C1orf38 C1orf61 CAMTA1 CCDC86 CCK CDC40 CFDP1 CGRRF1 CHEK2 CYTH1 DFFB DLG1 FBP1 FBXL14 FEN1 GNA12 GPD2 GTF2A1 HAUS3 HOMER1 HS3ST1 HTR3A IFI44 IFI44L IFRD1 IGFBP2 IL17RA IL8 ING2 ITGA2 KIAA0391 KIAA0895 LDLR LIN37 LOC100129973 LOC100288583 MAP2K4 MAP3K13 MEF2D MFAP3L MMP14 MPHOSPH8 MTF1 NEFH NEFM NPTX2 OAS2 OLFM1 PHACTR4 PIM2 PITX2 PLAGL2 PLSCR1 PML POLR2C PPAT ProSAPiP1 PYY RAB5C RBM38 REL RNF19B RNF40 RORA RRAGD RXRB SALL1 SF1 SLC12A2 SLC6A8 SNRK SRCAP STAM2 STIP1 STX11 SYNM TAP1 TDG TERF1 TESK2 TGFBRAP1 TLE3 TLR2 TNFRSF17 TRAF6 TRIM21 WDR82 XAF1 ZBTB43 ZBTB5 ZFY ZNF184 ZNF238 ZNF263 ZNF273 ZNF37A ZNF391 ZRSR1

Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 12 h time point that were not down-regulated at the previous time point, 10 h. ACSL3 AIM1 AKT3 APEX1 ASXL1 ATP12A ATXN1 BAG2 C11orf41 C5orf13 CACNA1E CBR4 CCDC165 CDKN3 CMA1 CXCL12 DAB2 DENND3 DHRS3 DLC1 ECM2 ERCC2 EXOC6B FAM178A FGF5 FGF7 FHL2 FLRT2 FYN GABBR2 GLI3 GZMK HMGCL HNRNPH3 ICK ID2 INPP5B JUN KCNK2 KIAA0020 LDB2 LRRC17 MAMLD1 MAP3K5 MAST4 MGEA5 MID1 MYH8 NMT2 NR1D2 NUP155 PAFAH1B1 PAIP1 PDGFRA PLCE1 PMP22 POP1 PRIM2 PTP4A1 PTPRR RABGAP1L RBMS1 RIN1 RIN2 RUNX1 RUNX1T1 SDC2 SERPINB1 SERPINE1 SIPA1L1 SLC12A1 SMAD6 SNRPA SPAG5 SPRY1 SRSF3 SSH1 ST5 STK17A TBC1D8 TBX5 THBS2 TRAK1 TRIM2 TSPAN5 TTLL1 TUBA1A TUBB U2SURP UBE2C UBR5 UGCG VPS13B VWA5A WDR45 ZIC1 ZMIZ1 ZMYND8 ZNF415 ZNF516 ZNF623

Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 14 h time point that were not up-regulated at the previous time point, 12 h.

ABCC5 ADNP2 AGTR1 ALAS1 AMD1 ANP32E APOE AQP3 ATF2 ATP6V0B ATP6V1C1 BAZ1A BCL7B BMP6 BRMS1 C17orf76-AS1 C19orf26 C1orf63 CALCRL CASK CCDC93 CCNA1 CCNE1 CCNE2 CCNF CDC6 CDK2 CDR2 CDS1 CEBPG CERS6 CGRRF1 CLINT1 CPA3 DBF4 DCTN5 DDX39A DDX3X DDX3Y DLX2 EIF4A3 EPHA4 ERVW-1 ETV5 EYA4 FAM161A FEN1 FGFR1OP FICD FMO1 FOS FOXK2 FZD5 GAPVD1 GCLC GCLM GLA GP5 GPM6A GRPEL1 HERPUD1 HES1 HINFP HIPK1 HIST1H2AE HIST1H2BJ HIST1H3D HLA-F HMOX1 HOXB2 ING1 IP6K1 ISG20L2 JMJD6 KLHDC10 KLHL18 KNG1 LEF1 LUC7L3 M6PR MAPK8IP2 MARCKSL1 MAX MED1 MNDA MORC3 NDEL1 NEU1 NFATC3 NTS NXF1 PAPD7 PDIA4 PNN PNO1 POLE3 POLR2H POT1 PPFIA1 PPM1D PPP2R2A PRKCA PRPF3 PRPF4B PRUNE PTGDS RBM14 RCC1 RCHY1 RGS19 RPIA SAFB2 SIAH2 SLC39A14 SLC7A5 SMG7 SMURF1 SPAG1 SRRT SYNE2 SYNJ1 TAC1 TAF1A TAF5 TAF6L TARS TFEC THUMPD1 TIAM1 TIMM44 TOP1 TRADD TRIM23 TSC22D3 TSFM TSPYL2 TUSC2 UBE2M UBE2S UBN1 UPF1 UPF2 USP1 USPL1 VCP ZBED4 ZNF143 ZNF20 ZNF200 ZNF202 ZNF204P ZNF230 ZNF263 ZNF266 ZNF410 ZNF44

Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 14 h time point that were not down-regulated at the previous time point, 12 h.

ABCA2 ABCC1 ACAT2 ACOX1 ACTB ADA ADD1 ADD3 ADH1C AGFG1 AGGF1 AHNAK2 AIM1 AKAP13 ALMS1 AMOT ANXA2 AP3S2 AP4M1 APOBEC3B APPBP2 AQP4 ARHGEF17 ASL ATG5 ATP2A2 ATP5S AXL BAX BCKDHB BLK BLVRB BMX BTN3A2 BTN3A3 BUB1B C14orf1 C1orf123 CA5A CACNA1E CAND2 CAP2 CASP1 CCDC22 CCL2 CCNB2 CDC14B CDC25B CDH13 CDH6 CEBPD CENPE CEP290 CHEK2 CHML CIT CLDN4 CLUAP1 CMAHP CPSF1 CRADD CXCL13 CXCR7 CYP1B1 DDX17 DENND3 DHFR DIAPH2 DKK1 DST DTNA DTYMK DYNC1I2 DYNC2LI1 DYRK4 EEA1 EGFR EIF3A EIF3J EPAS1 ERBB2 ERCC2 ERCC6 ERLIN2 ETFB ETV1 EXT1 FAH FAM65B FARS2 FAS FGF13 FGF2 FGF7 FGFR1OP FOXF2 FSCN2 G0S2 GALE GAS1 GINS1 GJA4 GLOD4 GLRX GLT8D1 GNG11 GPSM2 GRK5 GSTTP1 HAS2 HIC1 HIPK2 HIST1H2AI HIST1H4C HLA-DOA HMBS HMMR HNRNPU HNRPDL HOXA11 HOXB1 HSPA4 HSPB3 IL12B INPP4B IRF2 IRS1 ITGA2 ITGA3 ITPKA KIAA0101 KIAA0141 KIAA1462 LAMC2 LDLR LIMK2 LMNA LOC100287076 LOC100287387 LOC647979 LPAR1 LPHN2 LPXN MAGEA10 MAP1A MAP2K5 MARCKS ME3 MECOM MET MGMT MICAL2 MINA MIPEP MLH1 MMP16 MMP3 MNAT1 MPI MRPS31 MT1A MT1E MT1F MTCP1NB MTIF2 MUC4 MVP MYO10 MYO1B N4BP3 NDC80 NDUFAF1 NDUFB7 NDUFS2 NEK1 NEUROD1 NIPAL3 NIPBL NIT1 NLGN4Y NLRP1 NNMT NOTCH2 NPTX1 NR1D2 NR1H3 NUMA1 OCA2 OLFM4 PAPSS2 PARP4 PDE1C PDE4DIP PDE5A PDGFRA PDPN PEX6 PHF15 PIGC PIK3CD PLA2G5 PLAU PLAUR PLCD1 PLEC PPAP2B PPPDE2 PRKAB2 PRKCE PRRX1 PRSS12 PSMB10 PSMD4 PSMG1 PTGER1 RAB1A RAB27B RAB3GAP2 RAD50 RASA2 RBM10 RBMS3 RBPMS REV3L RGS20 RHOBTB3 RORC RRAS RRAS2 RUFY3 S100A3 SERPINE1 SGCB SGCD SGSM3 SIPA1 SIRPA SKIV2L SLC10A2 SLC14A2 SLC16A2 SLC24A1 SLC25A12 SLC6A15 SLITRK5 SMAD3 SMAD6 SMARCE1 SMS SNRPE SOCS1 SPAG9 SPINLW1 SPN SPTB ST5 STAMBP STC2 STON1 SYNE1 SYNJ2 TAF1B TCF7L2 TERT THBS1 THPO TIA1 TIAL1 TJP1 TK1 TM7SF2 TMCO6 TOX TP53I3 TPM2 TRAF3IP2 TRAF3IP3 TRAK1 TRIO TTF2 TULP3 UBL3 UNC93A VAMP4 VEGFC VPS41 WNT5A WWP2 XRCC1 ZCCHC24 ZFP36L1 ZFP36L2 ZFR ZKSCAN1 ZNF135 ZNF205 ZNF7 ZNRF4

Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 16 h time point that were not up-regulated at the previous time point, 14 h.

ABCB1 ABHD3 ADAMTS3 AKAP8L ALDH3B2 ALKBH1 ANGEL2 ANKRD40 ARFGEF2 ARFIP2 ARHGEF5 ARL4A ATP7B ATRN B3GALNT1 B3GALT5 BAK1 BAP1 BLMH BMP2 BPGM BRAF BTG3 BTRC C13orf27 C18orf25 C9orf91 CAMSAP1 CCNC CDC40 CDC5L CDC6 CDKL5 CHD1 CLCN5 CLPX CREM CRLF3 CTSL2 DCAF7 DDX10 DDX21 DFFB DHX8 DLG1 DLG3 DNAJC24 DOHH DR1 DTNB DUSP7 DYNC1I1 E2F5 E2F6 EED ENO2 EPHA2 ETFDH EXPH5 FAM169A FAM49A FBXL14 FKBP5 FUBP1 FXR2 GABRE GATM GNA13 GNL2 GPR37 GPX3 GTF2B HLA-DPB1 HLTF HSPA12A HSPA2 HSPA4L IFI44 IFI6 IFNA5 IFNGR1 IGF2R IGSF3 IL27RA INA ING2 INPP5F IREB2 ISL1 KCNH2 KCNK1 KHDRBS3 KIAA1467 KLHL23 KPNA5 KPNA6 LAMP3 LIN37 LYN MAOA MAP3K13 MAT2A MED6 MKNK2 MLF1 MOAP1 MPHOSPH8 MPP6 N4BP2L1 NACAD NAT1 NECAP1 NEFM NFE2L3 NPTX2 NR2C2 NR4A3 NUP153 NUS1P3 NXT2 OLFM1 PAK3 PAQR3 PARM1 PCGF3 PDE4D PDLIM3 PGM3 PIP5K1A PLCL1 PLEKHB2 PLS1 PLSCR1 POLR2H POP7 POU2F1 PPFIA1 PPP1R2 PPP2R5B PRKACA PRKCD PRKD3 PRKRIR ProSAPiP1 PRPF19 PRPF4 PTGER2 PTHLH PTPN11 PTPN21 PTPRE PTS RAB5A RAD51C RAF1 RAP2A RARRES3 REL RFK RFXAP RGS3 RMND5A RND2 RNF19B RNF2 RNF40 RORA RPS6KB1 RRP12 RUNX3 SAP30 SEC23IP SETD2 SFMBT1 SIKE1 SLC15A2 SLC16A1 SLC25A13 SLC30A4 SLC6A8 SLC7A1 SLC9A3R1 SMG1 SNRK SOCS2 SON SOS1 SRSF10 SSR1 ST7 STARD3 STBD1 STIL SUZ12 TAF13 TBC1D12 TCHH TESK2 TFRC THAP11 TMF1 TRAF3 TRIM33 TRIM52 TTBK2 TTF1 TUBGCP4 USP6NL VAC14 VEGFA VLDLR WDR47 WDR82 WHAMM YAF2 YKT6 ZBTB1 ZBTB33 ZBTB6 ZFY ZNF131 ZNF273 ZNF37A ZNF45 ZNF593

Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 16 h time point that were not down-regulated at the previous time point, 14 h.

ACAA2 ACADVL ACY1 ADAMTS2 ADH1A ADH1B ADH5 AKR1C3 ANKRD1 ANPEP AP4S1 APOBEC3C ATP13A3 ATP2B4 C10orf116 C14orf132 CACNA1E CAMK1G CHN1 COG4 COL13A1 COL1A1 COL1A2 CSNK1G2 CXCL9 CYP3A4 DCLK1 DHRS3 DIP2C DNASE1L1 FABP3 FBXL2 FBXO21 FGF2 FILIP1L GDF10 GFAP GJA1 ID2 IFT88 ITGAM KIAA0930 LMNA MACF1 MAGI2 MAP2K6 METTL7A MPG MT1B MT1H MVD MXD4 NAAA NDP NR1H3 NRP1 PBX1 PDCD4 PDLIM7 PLEC POLD2 PTX3 RBPMS RHOBTB3 ROR2 RUNX1 SEMA3A SEMA5A SERPINB6 SERPINH1 SLC16A5 SLIT2 SMAD6 STMN2 SVIL TGFBR3 THBS1 TMEM187 TPM1 TRAM2 TSHB TUBB UBE2C WNT2 WNT5A ZFP36L2

Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 18 h time point that were not up-regulated at the previous time point, 16 h.

ABAT ABCC5 ADCY1 AKAP10 AMD1 ATF2 ATP8A1 BAZ1A BCL11A BHLHE40 C14orf109 CAPN7 CASP2 CASP6 CBLB CCK CD2AP CD83 CDC27 CDC5L CDK2 CDO1 CDS1 CFDP1 COIL CREBZF CREM CXADR CXCL11 CYP19A1 CYP2E1 DCP2 DDX18 DHX30 DLG4 E2F3 E2F5 EIF2C2 ENPP4 ERBB3 ERF ETV5 EYA4 FAM134B FAM168A FANCL FGF9 FGFR1OP FNBP1L FOXA2 FXR1 GAP43 GAPVD1 GOSR2 GPC4 GPRC5B GSR HELZ HLTF HSD17B6 HSF2 HSPA6 IL12A IL15 IL1RL1 IL1RN IL8 KATNA1 KCNS3 KCTD2 KDM4C KIAA0226 KIAA0907 KIAA1024 KIF3A LAMA5 LDLR LPHN1 LYN M6PR MAGOH MAN2A2 MCM3 MED13 MET MITF MKLN1 MORC3 MPHOSPH9 MRAS MTHFD2 MYOZ3 NCF2 NEK4 NF1 NFKBIA NOP16 NPY1R NUP98 OCLN OVGP1 PAK3 PARP2 PCGF3 PDIA4 PEG3 PEX11A PIK3R3 PKIA POLR2H PPFIA1 PPM1A PPM1G PPP1R2 PPP1R26 PPP3R1 PRKAA2 PTHLH PTPN3 RAB27A RAB33A RASGRP1 RBBP4 RFC5 RIF1 RPP30 RSBN1 RUNDC3B RXRB SAR1A SEC23B SEC23IP SEC24A SERPINB8 SH3GL3 SLC1A4 SLC25A13 SLC25A4 SLC29A2 SLC39A7 SMG7 SNX27 SORCS3 SPAST SPTSSA SS18L1 ST7 STARD8 STX6 TAP1 TERF1 TGDS THOC2 TLE3 TM4SF1 TMEM5 TMPO TNFRSF17 TOPBP1 TOR1B TP53BP2 TRAF3IP1 TROVE2 UBFD1 UPF1 UTP20 WHSC2 WNT11 WWP1 ZFP37 ZFX ZHX2 ZNF230 ZNF473 ZNF536 ZNF821 ZW10 ZWINT

Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 18 h time point that were not down-regulated at the previous time point, 16 h.

ABCA8 ACOX2 ACTA1 ADAM12 ADD3 ADH1A ALDH3B1 ALDH7A1 ALDOB ANGPT1 ANGPTL2 APRT ARHGAP1 ASL ATP2B4 ATP5S AXL B2M BTBD2 C1orf123 C21orf33 C3orf27 CA12 CACNA1A CARM1 CBFA2T3 CCDC85B CCDC88C CD44 CD5L CDC42EP2 CDH6 CEP250 CIRBP CLIP3 COL3A1 COL6A1 COL6A2 CRHBP CTIF CTSO DDT DENND3 DHFR DHRS12 DOHH DST DUSP1 EMILIN1 EPHB6 EPHX1 EPR1 EPX ETV6 EXT1 FADS1 FAH FGF13 FGF8 FKBP8 FYN GAS2 GAS6 GLI3 GNG11 GP9 GPR171 GPR176 GREM1 GSTA4 GUCY1A2 HOXB1 HSD17B2 ID1 IFNG INSIG1 IRS1 ITGAM KCNF1 KCNK2 KIAA1199 L3MBTL1 LAGE3 LEPREL2 LOC100131434 LOC100506168 LOXL1 LPCAT4 LRRC17 LRRC32 MAP1A MAP2K5 MAZ MEGF8 MSC MT3 MYC MYLK NDUFB7 NIPAL3 NME3 NUMA1 OBSL1 OCA2 OGG1 OPLAH P2RY10 PAMR1 PCGF2 PCYT2 PDGFRB PDPN PLCD1 PLXNB1 PLXND1 PMS2P5 PNLIP PNOC POLD4 PRKACG PRKCB PSG9 PSMB10 PTEN PTGER1 PTGIS PTPRD PTRF RAB3B RAC2 RAD23A RBMS3 RBPMS RDH5 RECK RFX1 RIN2 RPS6KA2 RRAS S100A1 SEMA5A SGCD SHH SLC22A18 SLC9A3 SNX17 SNX29 SOCS1 SPINLW1 SRI SSPN SURF1 TBCD TEAD1 TENC1 TGFB1I1 THBS1 THBS3 TKT TNFRSF11B TNIP1 TPM4 TRAK1 TRIOBP TTLL1 UGT2B7 UROS VAMP4 VAMP5 VASH1 VCAN VDR WNT6 WWP2 YLPM1 ZFPL1 ZFR2 ZNF688

Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 20 h time point that were not up-regulated at the previous time point, 18 h

ABAT ABCB1 ABCF3 ADAMTS3 AGTPBP1 AHCTF1 AKAP8L ALAS1 APOE ARFIP2 ARHGAP32 ARHGAP44 ATP1A3 ATRN ATXN2L ATXN7L3B B4GALT5 BAK1 BAP1 BCL7B BRAF BRD2 BTRC C13orf27 C18orf25 C19orf26 C1orf114 C4BPB CA2 CASP7 CBX4 CCNC CCND3 CCR1 CDC34 CDC42 CDC5L CDK20 CDK2AP2 CDKL5 CDKN2B CDR2L CELF1 CGGBP1 CHMP7 CHST10 CHST2 CLGN CLOCK COL2A1 DDX52 DFFB DLX2 DNAJA1 DOCK3 DOHH DUSP3 DUSP7 DUSP8 E2F4 E2F6 EDA EED EFNA4 EFNB2 ELK4 EN2 ERBB3 ERC2 ERF ERP44 ETS2 EYA2 FAM49A FOXO1 FURIN FXR2 GAB1 GAS7 GBF1 GNA13 GNAZ GNL1 GOSR2 GPR37 GSTM3 GTF2A1 GUCY1B3 H2AFX HCN2 HES1 HIST1H3H HSPA2 HUS1 IFNA5 IGF2R IGFBP2 IL27RA IMPA1 ING2 INPP1 IREB2 KCNH2 KHDRBS3 KIAA0664 KIF5C KPNA6 LCN2 LOC100289561 LTN1 LYN MAP2K4 MAP3K13 MAP3K3 MAPT MARK2 MED6 MKNK2 MLXIP MPDU1 MPP2 MSX1 MTF1 MUC3A MUC7 NACAD NEFL NFATC1 NFATC3 NFKB2 NKX2-5 NR4A3 NRGN NTRK2 OAS2 OGFR PAK3 PANK3 PBX2 PCDH9 PCDHGA12 PCGF3 PDE4A PDK3 PGM3 PIP5K1B PLA2G16 PLAGL2 PLCL1 PML POT1 PPARA PPP2R5B PRKACA ProSAPiP1 PROX1 PRPF19 PRPF4B PTPN11 PTPN21 PTPRB PTPRD PTPRE RAB5A RABGAP1L RAP2A RAP2C REL RELA RET RHOB RNF126 RNF19B RNF40 RUNX3 SAFB2 SEPHS1 SEPT4 SH2B2 SIAH2 SIKE1 SLC22A5 SLC25A20 SLC6A6 SLC6A8 SMARCD2 SMG1 SNRK SOX5 SRRT SRSF3 STARD3 TAF6L TEAD4 TFDP2 TFEC TFRC TGFBRAP1 THOC1 TIAM1 TMEM110 TMPO TMSB15A TOE1 TOX3 TRIM21 TRIM26 TRIM33 TRIM52 TRMU TSR1 TTBK2 TUBA4A TUSC2 UBE2H UBE2M UBE2S UBE3A USP6 USP6NL VEGFA WASL WWC1 XAF1 YLPM1 ZBTB43 ZBTB5 ZFY ZNF101 ZNF131 ZNF202 ZNF204P ZNF238 ZNF263 ZNF267 ZNF273 ZNF37A ZNF391 ZNF41 ZNF593

Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 20 h time point that were not down-regulated at the previous time point, 18 h.

ACAA1 ACO1 ACPP ADD3 AHR AKT3 ALDH6A1 ANXA1 ANXA2 ANXA2P1 ATP13A3 ATP2B1 ATXN10 AXL BBS4 BICC1 BUB1B C10orf116 C11orf41 CAP2 CHMP2A COL1A2 CRADD CTGF DIAPH2 DNASE1L1 DST ECH1 ETHE1 F2R FARP1 FBXL2 FGF2 FILIP1L FOLR3 FRY FST GBE1 GLRX GSTO1 HIST1H4C HMBS HMMR HOXC6 IGF2BP3 ITGA3 KIAA0101 KRT34 LILRA1 LPP LRRC15 LTBP1 MACF1 MAP3K5 MBNL1 ME3 MGEA5 MGLL MT1B NMT2 NQO1 NR1D2 PDE4B PKIG PMP22 PTGFR PTPN13 RABGAP1L REV3L RGS4 RHOBTB1 RHOBTB3 RND3 ROR2 RRAS2 RUNX1T1 Sep-11 SERPINB2 SIPA1L1 SLC22A4 SRPX2 ST5 SVIL SYNE1 SYT11 TBC1D8 TFPI TGFBR3 TMCO6 TMEM158 TNFRSF14 TNKS TPD52L2 TRAF3IP2 TRAM2 TRIM2 TRIM22 TRIO VCL VPS41 WIPI1

Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 24 h time point that were not up-regulated at the previous time point, 20 h.

ABAT ABHD2 ABLIM1 ADARB1 AGL AK4 ALDH1A3 APEX2 ATP1B2 ATP6V0A1 ATP8A1 BAZ1A BHLHE40 BID BLMH BRMS1 CAMK2G CD83 CDC5L CDK2 CHKA CHRNA5 CLPTM1 CLTB COIL CREM CSPG5 CTDP1 CXADR CXCL2 DBC1 DTNB E2F3 E2F5 EEF1A2 EIF2C2 EPCAM EPHB2 ETV5 F2RL1 FGF9 FKBP1A FKBP4 FOXA1 FZD5 GAL GLS2 GORASP1 GPR18 GPR64 GRPEL1 GYG2 HLTF HTR7 ICAM1 IFI6 IL17RA IL8 IPO13 KBTBD11 KEAP1 KIAA0430 KIAA0907 KNG1 LPHN1 LRP8 MAP3K9 MASP2 MCM5 MCM7 ME2 MED22 MERTK METTL3 MLL4 MSI1 MTF2 MYOZ3 N4BP1 NEO1 NFATC2IP NFKBIA NPTXR NR4A3 NUP98 OCLN OLFM1 PAK2 PARP2 PCGF3 PDIA4 PDYN PHF8 PLEK PLXNA2 POU2F1 PPM1G PPP3R1 PRIM1 PSMD3 RAB27A RAB33A RAB5C RAB6B RALGAPA1 RASGRP1 RORA RRM2 SEC23B SF1 SH3GL3 SLC17A7 SLC25A4 SLC29A1 SNRPA1 SNRPB SPR SRCAP SS18L1 ST7 STAT5B SYNGR2 SYNGR3 TACR3 TAF5L TBXA2R TERF1 TESK1 TFF3 TGIF2 TMEM109 TMEM5 TNFRSF17 TOMM40 TRAF3IP1 TRDV2 TRIP10 TSC22D4 TSFM TSPAN9 TSPYL5 UCP2 UNC13B WHSC2 WNT11 ZHX2 ZNF195 ZNF536

Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 24 h time point that were not down-regulated at the previous time point, 20 h.

ABCA8 ABCC1 ACOX1 ACTA2 ACTB ALDH1A1 ANGPT1 ANXA4 AP3S2 AP4S1 ARHGEF9 ATP2B4 ATP5G2 ATP5H B2M B9D1 BACH1 BCAP29 BIRC5 BLK BNIP3L BST1 BTG1 BTN3A3 CA12 CALD1 CAV1 CCNG1 CD44 CD59 CDH13 CDKN1A CDON CFLAR COL13A1 COL5A2 COL6A3 COL8A1 CPS1 CRIM1 CROCC CTSO CXCR2 DBP DDAH1 DDX17 DIAPH2 DNMBP DRD3 DST ECI1 ERCC2 EXT1 FADS1 FAM65B FBN1 FBN2 FDPS FGF1 FGF8 FIG4 GAS6 GDF10 GJA4 GPR176 GPX1 GRIA3 GRIK2 GSTT1 HIPK2 HOXA11 HOXA9 IGFBP3 IGFBP5 ITGA2 KCNMA1 KIAA0930 KIAA1199 KIT LAMA4 LAMC1 LGALS3 LPAR1 MEST MET MGMT MGST3 MMP1 MTMR11 MXD4 MXRA5 MYH8 N4BP3 NIPAL3 NOV NR1H3 OAZ1 OLFML1 PAMR1 PARVA PDE1C PDGFRB PDLIM7 PKLR POLR3G PRIM2 PRKAB2 PRKCA PRKG1 PRSS23 PTEN PTPN13 PTPRM RDH5 RECK RIN2 RPS6KA2 RRAS2 S100A10 S100A4 SEMA3C SEMA5A Sep-11 SGCB SLC14A1 SLC16A2 SLC16A4 SPAG5 SSH1 SSPN SUCLG2 TAF1B TEAD1 TFPI TGFBR2 THBS1 TIMP3 TKT TM7SF2 TMEM187 TP53I3 TPM2 TTC15 UBB UGCG UROS VWA5A YLPM1

Genes up-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 48 h time point that were not up-regulated at the previous time point, 24 h.

ABCB7 ABCB9 ABCG1 AJAP1 AKAP10 AMD1 ANXA3 APOM ATF3 ATG12 ATP11A ATP6V1B2 BAMBI BMP6 BRCA1 BTF3P12 C19orf57 C5orf22 CALCRL CASP10 CCDC69 CCNE1 CCNF CD24 CD2AP CD4 CD55 CDC7 CELSR2 CHST1 CKS2 CLN3 COBL COL9A3 CPE CREBZF CTH CTNNA2 CXCR4 CYP1A1 CYP3A4 DHX38 DHX9 DNAJC7 DPT E2F5 EDN3 EEF1E1 ELAC2 EPM2A ERVW-1 EZR FAM13A FBXO28 FNBP1L FUCA1 FUT9 GAB1 GABPA GADD45B GEM GGCT GGH GPD2 GPR18 GREB1 GRIA1 H2AFZ HADH HAT1 HIST1H2BD HMGN3 HSF4 HSPA2 IER3 IFI27 IFI30 IGFBP2 IL10RB IL18R1 IL24 ITPR1 ITPR2 KDM4C KIAA0485 KLRG1 LAMA5 LIFR LILRB4 LMO2 LRP4 MAD2L1 MAGOH MAN2A2 MBD4 MLLT11 MNDA MRS2 MSH2 MT4 MTMR9 MTSS1 NFATC2IP NFATC3 NTRK3 NUP153 NUP160 NUP205 OIP5 ONECUT1 OTUD3 PAWR PC PCGF3 PDE8B PDK3 PFKP PIK3R3 PIP5K1A PLCG2 PLXDC1 POLA2 POLE2 POLR2H POLR3F POU1F1 PPM1H PPP2R1B PPP3CB PPT1 PPT2 PRKCA PRPS2 PSMD11 PTGER3 PTGES PTPRR RAB7L1 RAD51D RBP4 RET RFC3 RFC4 RGS16 RGS6 RNF44 RRAD RUNDC3B RUNX3 SAP30 SKIL SLC22A5 SLC25A5 SLC39A14 SLC6A12 SLPI SNAPC1 SNCA SNX4 SORD SPINK1 SRSF8 TLE1 TMEM106C TMEM194A TMOD1 TNP1 TOR1B TPST2 TYRO3 USP1 VIL1 ZBTB1 ZC3HAV1 ZNF101 ZNF20 ZNF202 ZNF330 ZNF365 ZNF529

Genes down-regulated in primary fibroblast cell culture after infection with HCMV (AD169 strain) at 48 h time point that were not down-regulated at the previous time point, 24 h.

ABCA4 ABCA6 ABCB6 ABCC9 ACACB ACADVL ACHE ACPP ACTG1 ACTR1B ACY1 ADAMTS2 ADCYAP1R1 ADD1 AGTR2 AKR7A3 AKT3 ALDH6A1 ALMS1 ANK1 ANKLE2 AOX1 AP4M1 APRT AR ARHGAP6 ARHGEF11 ASCL1 ASPH ATG13 ATG5 ATP2C1 ATP2C2 ATP5S ATRX BCHE BCKDHB BCKDK BRSK2 BSCL2 BTBD2 BTN3A2 C17orf108 C1orf21 C3AR1 C8G CA12 CACNA1A CACNA1C CACNA1E CALR CAMP CAPN7 CAPNS1 CBY1 CCDC22 CCDC85B CCL23 CCL27 CCND1 CD151 CD1E CDC14B CDC40 CDC42EP2 CDH16 CDH6 CDK13 CDR1 CEL CELF2 CETN2 CHEK2 CHML CHST3 CLCA1 CNOT8 COG7 COL11A1 COL16A1 COL6A1 COL6A2 CORO1A CPSF1 CPSF6 CRABP2 CRHR2 CRMP1 CSHL1 CSRP2 CTBS CUBN CXCL12 CXCL13 CXCL6 CXCR2 CYP3A4 DCTN1 DDIT3 DDR2 DHFR DHRS1 DLGAP1 DLGAP4 DMXL1 DOK1 DPP4 DTNA DUSP1 DUSP9 DYNC1I2 DYRK2 DYRK4 ECM2 EEA1 EFEMP1 EFEMP2 EIF2AK1 EIF5B EML2 EMP3 EMX2 EN2 ENPP1 ENPP2 EP400 EPAS1 EPB42 ERBB2 ERLIN2 ESM1 ETV1 FADS1 FADS2 FADS3 FAIM3 FAM168B FAP FARP2 FBLN5 FGF13 FGFR1 FGFR1OP FH FKBP8 FKBP9 FLNA FLT3LG FN1 FOLR2 FOXI1 FOXO3 FPR2 FRAT2 FRMPD4 FZD2 GABPB1 GABRA1 GALE GAMT GCDH GDF10 GDF11 GFAP GHRHR GJA1 GJC1 GLB1L2 GLIPR1 GOLGA2 GOLIM4 GPR12 GPR44 GRM8 GUCA1A GUCA1B GZMK HAS2 HBB HBZ HDDC2 HEG1 HIST1H2AL HMBS HNRNPU HOXD3 HRAS HSPA4 HSPB6 HSPG2 HYAL1 IAH1 IDUA IFI35 IFITM2 IFNG IFT20 IFT88 IGF2R IGFBP3 IGFBP4 IGFBP5 IGFBP6 INHBA INSL3 IPO8 IQSEC3 ISG20L2 ITGA3 ITGA4 ITGB2 ITPKA JUN JUND KAT6B KCNK3 KIAA0240 KIAA0284 KIAA1009 KIAA1462 KIAA1539 KLHL9 KRT5 LAMA2 LAMB1 LAMC2 LGALS3BP LHCGR LIMK2 LIMS1 LIPA LMO7 LMOD1 LOC100287387 LOC100288583 LOC100290973 LOC100506866 LOC391322 LOC647979 LOC730101 LOX LOXL2 LPIN1 LPP LTBP2 LY6E LYZL6 MAGEA10 MAGEA12 MAN2B2 MANBA MAP1B MAP2 MAP2K5 MAP2K6 MAPK11 MAPK14 MAS1 MASP1 MATN2 MAZ MBOAT7 MDFIC MEIS3P1 MGRN1 MICAL2 MINA MLH1 MLN MMP16 MMP3 MOCS3 MOXD1 MPG MSC MT1G MTA1 MTMR11 MTR MUC1 MUC6 MVD MYB MYBPC3 MYF5 MYH11 MYL4 MYL9 NAP1L1 NAP1L3 NCK1 NCR1 NDUFA6 NEK1 NEK7 NFASC NFATC4 NFIB NGF NISCH NIT1 NKTR NMNAT2 NR1H3 NTRK2 OCA2 OLFML2A OPN1SW OPRD1 OPRK1 OR1E1 OSMR P2RY10 PAX2 PAX4 PBX1 PCDH1 PCF11 PCGF2 PCK1 PCSK7 PDGFRL PDIA5 PEMT PER2 PHF20 PIGC PIK3R3 PIP PIR PKMYT1 PLA2G6 PLA2R1 PLAUR PLCD1 PLP1 PLXNC1 PNOC PON1 POSTN PPARG PPP2R3A PPP6R2 PRAF2 PRAMEF2 PRKAA1 PRKD3 PRMT2 ProSAPiP1 PRR3 PRRG2 PRUNE2 PSCA PSG11 PSG3 PSMB8 PTGER1 PTGIR PTP4A1 PTPN11 PTPN21 PTPRD PTPRO PTRF PVALB PYY RAB2A RAB3B RAB5B RAD23B RAD52 RAG2 RAI14 RAP2A RASGRP2 RBM15B RBMS1 RBPMS RCAN2 REEP5 RENBP RER1 RFX1 RHOQ RIF1 RNASE1 RNASE4 RNF10 RNF19B RNF41 RNH1 ROM1 ROS1 RRAS2 RS1 RUFY3 RUNX1T1 S100A13 SAA4 SAMD14 SDC1 SDC2 SEC16A SEPP1 SERPINB10 SERPINB7 SERPINH1 SGCD SGSM3 SH2D1A SH3BP2 SHC2 SIGLEC6 SIX1 SKAP1 SLC12A1 SLC13A3 SLC16A5 SLC16A7 SLC22A18 SLC25A1 SLC6A3 SLC7A1 SLC7A7 SLCO2A1 SNED1 SNX29 SOCS3 SPDEF SPG7 SPP1 SPPL2B SPRYD7 SPTB SRI SSPN SSX3 ST5 STAT1 STK17A STK25 SULF1 SUMO2 SVEP1 SYCP1 TAF1 TAGLN TBC1D9B TBCD TCF3 TCTA TDRD3 TEP1 TGFB1I1 TGFBI THBS2 THBS3 TJP1 TK2 TMCO6 TMEM109 TNFSF11 TOX4 TPM4 TRAF3IP3 TRAK1 TRAPPC6A TRIO TRPC2 TSPAN31 TSPAN6 TTC30A TULP3 UBA7 UBE2I UBE2L3 UBE3A UCKL1 UCP3 VAPB VASH1 VDAC1 VDR VPS39 VRK2 WIPI1 WSCD1 XRCC1 XRCC6 XYLT1 YIPF3 YTHDC1 YY1 ZFHX3 ZFP36 ZFP36L2 ZFPL1 ZHX3 ZNF135 ZNF187 ZNF749 ZNRF4 ZSCAN12 ZYX

Impact of Human Cytomegalovirus Latent Infection on Myeloid Progenitor Cell Gene Expression Slobedman et al, 2004 (unknowns updated)

Upregulated: BLAME C17orf28 CCL2 CCL4 CD169 CES1 COL4A2 CREB1 DOC1 EIF2AK2 ELAVL1 FAM193A FAM210A FGFR4 GCHFR HKE4 HLA-DQa ICA1L IFI44L IL7R KIAA1145 LOC100128239 LY6E MAP3K13 METTL22 MIR22HG MS4A7 OLFM1 OPN3 P2Y5 PARM1 PEA15 POU2F2 PRDX1 RAB7B RAF1 RBM12 RGS1 RNF213 RSC1A1 RUNX1 S100B SART2 SOX18 SPK TXK XAF1

downregulated AZU1 BPI BTG1 CSF3R GPRASP1 MPO S100A8

Polymorphic genes associated with HCMV infection in humans.

1. CCL2 – chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 : Loeffler et al, 2006
2. CCR5 – chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (gene/pseudogene): Loeffler et al, 2006
3. CD209 – CD209 molecule: Mezger et al, 2008
4. DEFB1 – defensin, beta 1: (CMV infection in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia) Tesse et al, 2009
5. FCN2 – ficolin (collagen/fibrinogen domain containing lectin) 2 (hucolin): de Rooij et al, 2011
6. HLA-B – major histocompatibility complex, class I, B: Burrows et al, 2007
7. HLA-G – major histocompatibility complex, class I, G: Zheng et al, 2009
8. IFNG – interferon, gamma: Mitsani et al, 2011
9. IL10 – interleukin 10: Loeffler et al, 2006
10. IL12B – interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40 : (in kidney transplant patients) Hoffmann et al, 2008
11. MBL2 – mannose-binding lectin (protein C) 2, soluble de Rooij et al, 2011
12. MICA – MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence A (CMV infection in AIDS patients) Moenkemeyer et al, 2009
13. MICB – MHC class I polypeptide-related sequence B: Shirts et al, 2007
14. PDCD1 – programmed cell death 1: Hoffmann et al, 2010
15. TLR2 Kang et al, 2012
16. VDR – vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor: Zhao et al, 2012