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Risk factor (links to Wikipedia and
Pubmed) |
PolygenicBlog
on the relationships between genes and risk factors |
| Prenatal |
- Maternal Famine as a risk factor for offspring St
Clair et al, 2005
- Prenatal Rubella
infection (first trimester) as a risk factor for offspring
Brown et al, 2000
- Measles, varicella
zoster and polio (Schizophrenia births) Torrey
et al, 1988
- Maternal Rubella, Herpes
simplex, Influenza
as a risk factor for offspring
Brown, 2005 Yolken,
2004
- Maternal poliovirus
infection during second trimester of pregnancy as a risk factor for
offspring
Suvisaari et al, 1999
- Elevated maternal IL-8
levels during second trimester as a risk factor for offspring
Brown et al, 2004
- Maternal Herpes Infection (HSV-2)
as a risk factor for offspring
Buka et al, 2007
- Fever during prenancy as a risk factor for offspring
Torrey et al, 2000
- Maternal bleeding during pregnancy and low male birthweight as a risk
factor for offspring (interpeted as placental insufficiency)Hultman
et al, 1999
- Pre-eclampsia
and obstetric complications as a risk factor for offspringDalman
et al, 1999
- Winter birth Bembeneck,
2005
- A higher risk of psychosis in offspring is associated with antenatal
maternal depression
Maki et al, 2010
- Lower placental weight, lower birth weight and smaller head circumference
at 12 months predicts elevated positive schizotypal traits in women
Lahti
et al, 2009
- Rhesus
incompatibility / Hollister
et al, 1996
- Postnatal Vitamin
D supplementation associated with reduced risk .McGrath
et al, 2004
- Low maternal folate
and high
homocysteine plasma levels
Picker and Coyle, 2005
- Unwanted pregnancy reported as a schizophrenia risk factor in the
offspring McNeil
et al, 2009
- Prenatal exposure to maternal urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis.Clarke
et al, 2009
- Variability of age of onset correlates with latitude
. Shaner
at al, 2007
- A higher risk of schizophrenia in colder climates especially in areas
with low fish consumption, darker skin and high infant mortality: All
possibly related to prenatal vitamin
D defficiency .Kinney
et al, 2009
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| Childhood |
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| Adult Infections |
- Herpes viral infection (HSV-1)
(seropositivity in adults)Prasad
et al, 2007
- Seropositivity to Herpes virus HHV-6:
Negative association with HSV-2 and cytomegalovirus and positive asociation
with HSV-1 in various subpopulations (Adults)Niebuhr
et al, 2008
- Borna
disease virus (seropositivity in adults)Terayama
et al, 2003
- Elevated endogenous
retrovirus transcripts (HERV-W) in blood of first episode schizophrenics:
Yao
et al, 2008 .Huang
et al, 2010
- Presence of measles
virus antibodies in patients with recent onset of psychosis Dickerson
et al, 2010
- Coronavirus
seropositivity has been associated with Schizophrenia Severance
et al, 2009
- Elevated incidence of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders
in prison inmates infected with HIV
with or without Hepatitis
B or Hepatitis
C .Baillargeon
et al, 2008
- Toxoplasmosis
(T.Gondii) seropositivity in adults .Mayoclinic.com Toxoplasmosis
information .Torrey
et al, 2006 Yolken
and Torrey, 2008
- Association with Psoriasis
vulgaris in a limited number of patients Miyaoka
et al, 2000
- Ixodes
Tick infestation and Lyme disease (Borrelia
burgdorferi) (Geographical and seasonal correlation)
Fritzsche, 2002
- Chlamydial infection especially C.Psittaci
(PCR
detection in adults)
Fellerhoff et al, 2007
- Lactate
dehydogenase virus (Brain antigen post-mortem)
Dvorakova et al, 1990
- Leptospirosis
(Weil's disease): adult infection
Semiz et al, 2005
- High fever
can precede psychosis in adults Malhotra
et al, 1998
- Subacute
sclerosing panencephalitis caused by the measles virus has been
associated with Psychosis in a number of studies Prashanth
et al, 2007
- Increased incidence of antibodies reactive to gag encoded proteins
of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV), baboon endogenous virus (BaEV)
and simian retrovirus type 5 (SRV-5) in sera of first episode adult
schizophrenics.Lillehoj
et al, 2000
- Increased levels of alpha
defensins in schizophrenic patients suggesting infection Craddock
et al, 2008
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| Association with other diseases |
- Inverse association with rheumatoid
arthritis .Gorwood
et al, 2004 Torrey
and Yolken
- Autoimmune
disease prior to onset: Thyrotoxicosis,
celiac
disease, acquired hemolytic
anemia, interstitial
cystitis, and Sjogren's
syndrome: Eaton
et al, 2006
- Inverse association with Type
1 Diabetes .Juvonen
at al, 2007
- Comorbidity with Type
II Diabetes .Bellivier,
2005
- Psychosis associated with Porphyria
: (Madness of King George)Sassa,
2005
- High plasma homocysteine
levelsHaidemenos
et al, 2007
- Low Vitamin
B12 levels: Vitamin B12
Deficiency can itself produce psychosis Kale
at al, 2010 .Rajkumar
and Jebaraj, 2008
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| Substance abuse and social |
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