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Table 1 Viral vatches identified for myelin related autoantigens: In this and other tables contiguous stretches of 5 or more amino acids (vatches) are boxed. The 5 highest scoring immunogenic amino acids (P,G,D,E,S)  are shaded in grey.

Jens Erik Pontoppidan Larsen, Ole Lund and Morten Nielsen. Improved method for predicting linear B-cell epitopes. Immunome Res. 2006; 2: 2.

M. Nielsen, C. Lundegaard, O. Lund, and C. Kesmir. 2005. The role of the proteasome in generating cytotoxic T cell epitopes: Insights obtained from improved predictions of proteasomal cleavage. Immunogenetics. 57:33-41.

The antigenicity index (B-cell epitope) for single amino acids as defined by the BepiPred server The top 5 scoring amino acids are marked in grey in the various tables below: Note that indices can be markedly increased, or decreased when the proteins are assembled, depending on the neighbours of each amino acid.

       

MBP NP_001020252

myelin basic protein isoform 1

GRGLSL

ACO87999 Hirame rhabdovirus

?

RSGSPM

ADE45455 Polyomavirus HPyV7

?

PSQRHGS

YP_073799  Human herpesvirus 7

Detected in MS tissue 1

IGRFFGG

YP_143172 Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus

 ?

PRTPPP

JC Polyomavirus

Seropositivity in some Multiple sclerosis patients 2

IVTPRT

YP_002117760  Pseudomonas phage

 ?

GRASDY

YP_164431 Bacillus phage

 ?

LDSIGR

YP_142835 Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus

 ?

TAHYGS

ACZ8140 Moussavirus

 ?

VLGPLV

ADA81168 Staphylococcus phage

 ?

LVALII

NP_690686 Bacillus phage

 ?

KDQDG

ABO87130 Hepatitis delta virus

 ?

ELLKDA+G

NP_569759 Mycobacterium phage

 ?

FNTWT

YP_001111042Burkholderia phage

 ?

CSAVPV

AF310938 Powassanvirus 

NP_620108 Langatvirus

 ?

GLLEC

AAW33310 Human adenovirus4

Associated with relapse in multiple sclerosis 3

KTSA-SIGSLC

ABU82778 Human metapneumovirus

 ?

KNYQDY

YP_002241563  Mycobacterium phage Butterscotch 

YP_002241480 Mycobacterium phage Troll4 

YP_655259 Mycobacterium phage PBI1

 ?

YQDYEY

YP_717772  Synechococcus phage

 ?

PFASL-A

And

NFAVL

YP_001129421 Human herpes virus 8  (Kaposi’s sarcoma virus)

 ?

KNYQDY

YP_002241961 Mycobacterium phage Gumball 

YP_001936156 Mycobacterium phage Adjutor

 ?

CNP NP_149124.3| Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase

GK GK P

 

Q3KSQ2.1|KITH_EBVG  RecName: Full=Thymidine kinase

Epstein-Barr

E EV G EL S

YP_223877.1| putative DNA binding protein [Lactobacillus phage phiJL-1]

Lactobacillus infection has beneficial effects in experimental models of multiple sclerosis 4

WQ- SA D DL

YP_240040.1 ORF052 [Staphylococcus phage 47]

Staphylococcal antigens (CSF) have been reported in MS pathients 5

F  PKIFFR

AAA48318.1|  rifampicin resistance locus ORF [Vaccinia virus]

Viral antibodies have been found in MS CSF and vaccinia infection in monkeys causes demyelination 6, 7

TTKFC D

AAG27040.1|  major capsid protein L1 [Human papillomavirus]

Seropositivity has been reported in MS patiens and HPV multiple vaccination has been reported to causes demyelination 8, 9

FVT PK

ADJ19560.1|  gp34 proximal tail fiber subunit [Acinetobacter phage 133]

Acinetobacter antiboides have been observed in MS patients 10

Myelin associated glycoprotein MAG

AAB58805

A E D-GVYA

YP_164320 Pseudomonas phage

Peseudomonas antibodies cross reacting with myelun proteimns have been observed in MS patients 10, 11

KYYFR G

YP_003406894 Marseille virus

A novel giant virus infecting amoeba

C P+LR P-L S- L

ABV71654.Human herpesvirus 5 (Cytomegalovirus)

Implicated: Seropositivity predicts a better outcome in Multiple Sclerosis (Beneficial virus ?) 12

GKYYF-R- D

AAR31274 Human herpesvirus 5 (Cytomegalovirus)

MOG NP_996535.2|  
Myelin oligodendrocyte protein
S P KNAT
 

YP_001129462.1  YP_001129462.1 BLLF1 [Human herpesvirus 4 type 2]

Epstein-Barr

G E G-V--------F S D--------R D-H Y+ E E-AM E
 

ABM21503.1|  polyprotein [Human coxsackievirus A11]

CAJ01901.1|  polyprotein [Human poliovirus 2]

Coxsackie virus seropositivity has been associated with relapse in multiple sclerosis 13

P2  NP_002668.1   myelin P2 protein

GLATR

AAY41103.1|  unknown [Human herpesvirus 4]

Epstein-Barr

SIVTL+
 
YP_401690.1| BGRF1/BDRF1 [Human herpesvirus 4]

Epstein-Barr

MAT GLY
 

YP_024485.1  YP_024485.1 hypothetical protein KgORF55 [Staphylococcus phage K]

 

LM AA SVL G

NP_640308.1 [Vibrio phage VpV262]

 

Q A GVLLI  LL

AAF70827.1|  polyprotein [St. Louis encephalitis virus]

 

+TI   R    E+  SK GLW

ACC61905.1|  polymerase PA [Influenza A virus (A/environment/New York/30720-3/2005(H7N2))]

Influenza has been associated with MS onset 14

OSP NP_005593.2  

claudin-11 isoform 1

L PAIL

ACL99813.1|  BDRF1 [Human herpesvirus 4]

Epstein-Barr

 

MAT GLY

YP_024485.1hypothetical protein KgORF55 [Staphylococcus phage K]

 
 

LM AA SVL G

NP_640308.1  NP_640308.1 hypothetical protein [Vibrio phage VpV262]

?

PLP    Proteolipid protein NP_001122306.1|

    gi|192449447|ref|NP_001122306.1|

 

    myelin proteolipid protein

AH SL E
 
AAY41097.1|  unknown [Human herpesvirus 4]

Epstein-Barr

KNYQ DY

YP_002241961.1  YP_002241961.1 gp68 [Mycobacterium phage Gumball]

Mycobacteria have been isolated from MS CSF 15

SLLT+MIA
 
YP_001686983.1  YP_001686983.1 thymidylate synthase-like protein [Glossina pallidipes salivary 
gland hypertrophy virus]
This is a virus infecting the common fly

MOBP NP_891980.1  

myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein

SQK PAK E

ACZ55493.1|  putative DNA polymerase [Staphylococcus phage SA1]

 

RKIR PT

NP_690897.1  NP_690897.1 VP7 [Colorado tick fever virus]

 

DWIC

YP_001129476.1  YP_001129476.1 BBRF1 [Human herpesvirus 4 type 2]

 

SQK PAK E

YP_001469181.1integrase [Streptococcus phage P9]

Streptococcal infection has been linked to multiple sclerosis 16

LN S-K EIV D

YP_239681.1 ORF013 [Staphylococcus phage 53]

 

Table 2 Viral vatches identified for other multiple sclerosis autoantigens

       

HSP27=

SOD 1   NP_000445.1

    superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn]

            KVWGSI

YP_358771.1  YP_358771.1 putative tape measure protein [Lactobacillus phage Lc-Nu

Lactobacillus infection has beneficial effects in experimental models of multiple sclerosis 4but milk consumption has also been linked to multiple sclerosis 17

           EFGDNT

YP_002003315.1  YP_002003315.1 gp1 [Yersinia phage Yepe2]

?

            HGFHVH

YP_142605.1|Lon domain protease [Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus]
?

HSP32= HMOX1 NP_002124.1  heme oxygenase 1

FDQA-GLP-L

AnD

PVTFES

YP_142796.1  YP_142796.1 hypothetical protein MIMI_L442 [Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus]
?
YP_224275.1  YP_224275.1 hypothetical protein LPPPVgp44 [Listonella phage phiHSIC]
?
ALSRQLS
AAO59515.1|  polymerase [Lassa virus]
 
?

HSP40 NP_006136.1   dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1

VFKDVIR
 
CAJ28422.1|  hypothetical protein [Phage PY100]
?

  TVNV-TL+GR

AAS89767.1|  surface spike glycoprotein [Human group 1 coronavirus associated

with pneumonia]

Coronavirus seropositivity has been recorded in some multiple sclerosis patients 18

           EGLKGS

YP_002925110.1  YP_002925110.1 putative antireceptor protein [Streptococcus phage 5093]

 

            SGGSG

AAY41102.1|  unknown [Human herpesvirus 4]

Epstein-Barr

HSP47 NP_001226.2   serpin H1 precursor

            DFVRSSK

YP_214345.1  YP_214345.1 hypothetical protein PSSM2_113 [Prochlorococcus phage P-SSM2]

?

EKEKL

And GELLR

YP_001129449.1  YP_001129449.1 BPLF1 [Human herpesvirus 4 type 2

Epstein-Barr

HSP60 NP_002147.2   60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondria = HSPD1

            NLEDVQ

AAY41124.1|  unknown [Human herpesvirus 4]

VEVN-KKD

ADD80843.1|  gp057 [Rhodococcus phage ReqiDocB7]

?

E--DVTTS

ABO69378.1|  polyprotein [Human rhinovirus 3]

Rhinoviruses have been associated with relapse 19

IEGMK

CAR95428.1|  hypothetical protein [Streptococcus phage phi-m46.1]

Streptococcal infection has been linked to multiple sclerosis 16

VEIRR

ABR27363.1|  polyprotein [Hepatitis C virus]

Hepc infection can sometimes mimic MS 20

HSP70 NP_002145.3   heat shock 70 kDa protein 4

IGAAA

AAA02785.2|  BLRF3 [Human herpesvirus 4]

Epstein-Barr

             ESEERP

AAB59844.1|  latent membrane protein 2 [Human herpesvirus 4]

Epstein-Barr

            EYEKFVS

AAW30715.2|  polyprotein [Human coxsackievirus A16] and A7 and A14

Coxsackie virus seropositivity has been associated with relapse in multiple sclerosis 13

DQFFG

EBNA3 Epstein-Barr virus

Epstein-Barr 21

HSPSRL

D2XR26 Bacillus phage

 ?

R-PSFLR

9PARAQ84747 Human parainfluenza virus 1

Epstein-Barr 22

 
IENEGKM
And
VAVARA
 

ADE28700.1|  polyprotein [Norovirus Hu/GII/8610/Saga/2008/JPN]

?

LTMDPV
 

BAF46192.1|  capsid protein [Norovirus oyster/GI/Yamaguchi/H17-81B/05/JP]

?

MEEER
 

AAM95184.2|  polyprotein [Norwalk-like virus]

?

SLSSDGV

C9WSX19 Norovirus dog

Dog ownership has been

 linked to multiple sclerosis23, 24

HSP71 NP_006588.1  

heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein isoform 1

R DKV  S

and

AVVQ S

AAY41102.1|  unknown [Human herpesvirus 4]

Epstein-Barr

GRL K E-D-ER

AAB66985.1|  hepatitis delta antigen [Hepatitis delta virus]

?

EL EKVCN

YP_803051.1  YP_803051.1 hypothetical protein RB32ORF109c [Enterobacteria phage RB32

Gut bacteria also display antigens that mimic MS autoantigens 25

SIN P D EA

NP_899398.1 hypothetical protein KVP40.0152 [Vibrio phage KVP40]

?

R RL D  PR P

ABB89278.1  ABB89278.1 BXRF1 [Human herpesvirus 4]

Epstein-Barr

M P E ETQT

AAB53568.1|  non-structural 5a protein [Hepatitis C virus]

Hepc infection can sometimes mimic MS 20

RT DT G E P

ABO60719.1  , bacteriophage-acquired protein [Burkholderia phage phiE202]

?

Beta amyloid

MV G GVV
 

ABC58497.1|  non-structural protein 4b [Hepatitis C virus]

Hepc infection can sometimes mimic MS 20

E DV G SN
 
 
ADH04357.1|  envelope glycoprotein [Human immunodeficiency virus 2]
 
HIV infection has been associated with MS 20
 
             SNK GAI
 
ABJ16576.1|  hemagglutinin [Influenza A virus (A/mallard/Ohio/64/1989(H6N8))]
Influenza has been associated with MS onset 14
GAII GL
 
ZP_04863779.1|  crispr-associated protein Cas5, hmari subtype [Clostridium phage 
D-1873]
 
?

Viruses Aligning with VGGVV in Beta-amyloid

Dengue virus 1 ACQ44424 Polyprotein;  Hepatitis C :ACY65348 envelope protein 2 : Human adenovirus 8:

BAH18864 17.7kDa protein Human herpesvirus 1:P08665Envelope glycoprotein B:

Human herpesvirus 2:NP_044471Glycoprotein B Human herpesvirus 6:AAA43846:Envelope glycoprotein B

Human herpesvirus 6B;BAA78260Envelope glycoprotein B Human immunodeficiency virus:ACQ42512vif Protein

Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus; YP_001008394:Polyprotein 1ab Polyomavirus HPyv6 and 7: ADE45477:VP

Yellow fever virus:NP_776003 Polyprotein : NS2A:

Beta-amyloid vaccination in Alzheimer’s disease patients caused

Meningoencephalitis

26

Phages infecting human bacteria

Aeromonas phage YP_238875 WAC Enterobacteria phage NP_037676 tail length tape measure protein

Escherichia phageYP_002003548 hypothetical protein Mycobacterium Phage ACU41726 GP233

Prochlorococcus phageACY76180 Hypothetical protein Pseudomonas phage Tail fiber assembly protein 

Serratia phage KSP20 TAILC_BPSK2 Streptomyces phage  NP_958289 ORF9

Vibrio phage  AAQ96489 Hypothetical protein

 

Ff

Table 3 Other Epstein Barr homologues of relevance to multiple sclerosis

other Epstein Barr homologues of relevance

     

NP_620450.2   

    oligodendrocyte transcription factor 1

Qu Ery  202  LLA P G  206

            LLA P G

 Sbjct  82   LLA P G  86

YP_401715.1  YP_401715.1 BALF3 [Human herpesvirus 4]

Involved in CNS oligodendrocyte and neural differentiation 27

T S T S S

AAY41120.1|  EBNA3C latent protein [Human herpesvirus 4]

LLLA L PL

and

P E- PA  P P

YP_401713.1  YP_401713.1 BALF4 [Human herpesvirus 4]

    NP_786923.1|

    gi|28411948|ref|NP_786923.1|

Description

    oligodendrocyte transcription factor 3

A P ST P P

ABB89229.1  ABB89229.1 BPLF1

Involved in brainstem  nuclei and cerebellar development and implicated in rheumatoid arthritis 28-30

D S S SV S

AAA45879.1|  nuclear antigen precursor

     NP_004136.2|

    gi|33356170|ref|NP_004136.2|

Description

    myosin-IXb isoform 1

             RTQAAV

CAD53451.1  CAD53451.1 thymidine kinase [Human herpesvirus 4]

member of the myosin family of actin-based molecular motor heavy chain proteins. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with celiac disease and ulcerative colitis susceptibility. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]

DF D DL

AAY41102.1|  unknown [Human herpesvirus 4]

CAD89482.1

immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain...IGH@

P P GK G

and           RQ P  G

and

SR       R  P P G

AAA66542.1|  The first atg start codon is the AA before the stop codon in

ORF2; putative

Immunoglobulins recognize foreign antigens and initiate immune responses such as phagocytosis and the complement [provided by RefSeq]

NP_116171.3

NP_116171:hepatitis A virus cellular receptor...

P GNLV

CAD53467.1  CAD53467.1 major DNA-binding protein [Human herpesvirus 4]

Hepatitis A can worsen multiple sclerosis symptoms 31

S SR + P SQ P

ABB89267.1  ABB89267.1 BGLF3

CAC03802.1    

    T-cell receptor beta chain

             R EKK+

and

             R+ SL L -A S

YP_001129449.1  YP_001129449.1 BPLF1 [Human herpesvirus 4 type 2]

TCRB associates with the pre-T-cell receptor alpha chain  (PTCRA) which together with TCRB and the CD3 complex minimally make up the pre-T cell receptor which regulates early T cell development.[supplied by OMIM]

NP_001032417.

    cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B isoform 3

             SL ELY

YP_401713.1  YP_401713.1 BALF4

Induced in in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis 32

NP_001092099.1     NP_055390.1|

    gi|7657540|ref|NP_055390.1|

Description

    schwannomin-interacting protein 1

   E E E E D E

AAA45890.1|  leader protein (EBNA-LP) 
This protein is a component of the node of Ranvier 33

NP_055390.1     NP_001092099.1|

    gi|148833494|ref|NP_001092099.1|

Description

    interferon regulatory factor 5 isoform d

             PVAQA P

Q3KST2.2|EBNA3_EBVG

Member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, a group of transcription factors with diverse roles, including virus-mediated activation of interferon, and modulation of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune system activity.. [provided by RefSeq]

NP_001029029.1     NP_001029029.1|

    gi|76496499|ref|NP_001029029.1|

Description

    protein artemis isoform d

             PI PLR

S33039  hypothetical protein

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that is involved in V(D)J recombination and DNA repair. cause Athabascan-type severe combined immunodeficiency (SCIDA).

AAM33413.1 Enverin

VPEQW

YP_001129463.1  YP_001129463.1 EBNA-3A

This gene is part of an HERV W  provirus on chromosome 7 that has been implicated in multiples sclerosis 34, 35.

NP_005373.2    

    neurofilament medium polypeptide isoform 1

     S G S P S S

YP_001129449.1  YP_001129449.1 BPLF1

. Neurofilaments comprise the axoskeleton and functionally maintain neuronal caliber. They may also play a role in intracellular transport to axons and dendrites. This gene encodes the medium neurofilament protein. This protein is commonly used as a biomarker of neuronal damage.

NP_055220.1    

    voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit CACNG4

             S PYAR  P

|S32991  hypothetical protein

L-type calcium channels are composed of five subunits. The protein encoded by this gene represents one of these subunits, gamma, and is one of several gamma subunit proteins.[Refseq]

NP_001157651.1 n

ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 isoform 4

            MKFLN

 

Astivity is decrease in the platelets of MS patients 36

NP_000776.1 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha hydroxylase, mitochondrial

(synthesis Vitamin D

      QR R GT G P

Q3KSU8.1|DUB_EBVG  RecName: Full=Ubiquitin thiolesterase BPLF1

Multiple sclerosis risk is reduced in regions with high sunlight (necessary for Vitamin D synthesis) and Vitamin D can ameliorate multiple sclerosis symptoms 33

+RLR SLL

An D

QR R GT G P   VR +

AF448220_1  BPLF1

P_001155898.1 XP_525243.2| PREDICTED: syntaphilin isoform 2

         P G SR T S

YP_001129497.1  YP_001129497.1 BXLF1

An  axon-specific mitochondrial docking protein whose expression is increased in MS lesions 37. Given the homology, could this have been HHV-4 expression ?

         SRRR  S  PV

YP_001129510.1  YP_001129510.1 BALF2

NP_006334.2 tyrosine-protein kinase Mer precursor

            M  S PTQ P

 

YP_001129465.1  YP_001129465.1 EBNA-3C

Expression upregulated in MS lesions 38

NP_001030009.1

Kv channel-interacting protein 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]

            H EKLR

YP_001129457.1  YP_001129457.1 BSLF1

This gene encodes a member of the family of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel-interacting proteins (KCNIPs),. They may regulate A-type currents, and hence neuronal excitability, in response to changes in intracellular calcium. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variant encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq]

             STYAH

              P E L+QL

              EQL EA

YP_001129449.1| BPLF1
 

NP_001153804.1 CAI14658.1| neurofascin

             A P PN E

HHV4tp2_gp30 | latency protein

This gene encodes an L1 family immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecule with multiple IGcam and fibronectin domains. The protein functions in neurite outgrowth, neurite fasciculation, and organization of the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier on axons during early development

           PQ G A S S

YP_401709.1  YP_401709.1 LF1

NP_733927.1

gi|25306235|ref|NP_733927.1|

brain-derived neurotrophic factor isoform b preproprotein

ALTM -SKK

AF172333_1  major outer envelope glycoprotein gp350

Low levels of BDNF are associated with less neuroprotection in MS 39: Plasma levels increase after relapse 40; BDNF has bebeficial effects in animal models of  MS 41, 42

             S N G PKA

YP_401667 BLLF1

NP_001036189.1 Poliovirus receptor-related protein 2;

=Herpes virus entry mediator B

            LL P PV P

YP_401670.1  YP_401670.1 EBNA-3B

HSV-1 has been implicated in MS relapse 43

            E D E E G

YP_401704.1  YP_401704.1 BVRF2

NP_000569.3 natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1

             SL PH P

|AAQ16195.1|  latent membrane protein 1

The protein functions as a divalent transition metal (iron and manganese) transporter involved in iron metabolism and host resistance to certain pathogens. Mutations have been associated with susceptibility to as tuberculosis and leprosy, and inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn disease.[provided by RefSeq] and multiple sclerosis 44

NP_001099011.1 neurofilament medium polypeptide isoform 2

 
YP_401704.1| BVRF2
Neurofilaments are type IV intermediate filament heteropolymers composed of light, medium, and heavy chains. Neurofilaments comprise the axoskeleton and functionally maintain neuronal caliber. They may also play a role in intracellular transport to axons and dendrites. This protein is commonly used as a biomarker of neuronal damage. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq]
NP_056451.3  translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit delta isoform 3 (EIF2B4)

           L P P G P

YP_401702.1  YP_401702.1 BXRF1

Mutations in EIF2B subunits are responsible for vanishing white matter disease 45, 46

             S SLV S

YP_401713.1  YP_401713.1 BALF4

NP_001132989.1 interferon-inducible double stranded RNA-dependent

protein kinase activator A isoform 2 EIF2AK2

          P SKQ P

YP_001129465.1|  EBNA-3C
EIF2AK2 is a viral activated kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates EIF2B  47

CAC03928.1 T-cell receptor beta chain

           V ER P D

YP_001129501.1| BVRF2

TCRB associates with the pre-T-cell receptor alpha chain  (PTCRA) which together with TCRB and the CD3 complex minimally make up the pre-T cell receptor which regulates early T cell development.[supplied by OMIM]

NP_001166986.1 TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein isoform 4 precursor

       AVYFL R

 an d

            M G LVLT

CAA24828.1|  unnamed protein product
The  protein may associate with the killer-cell inhibitory receptor (KIR) family of membrane glycoproteins and may act as an activating signal transduction element. This protein may bind zeta-chain (TCR) associated protein kinase 70kDa (ZAP-70) and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) and play a role in signal transduction, bone modeling, brain myelination, and inflammation. [provided by RefSeq]

Table 4 : Other viruses and phages matching EIF2B5 vatches.

EIF2B5    NP_003898.2|

    gi|83267879|ref|NP_003898.2|

Description

    translation initiation factor eIF-2B subunit epsilon

Viral protein

Notes

N+EEEEEL
 

YP_001468597  gp27 [Listeria phage A511]

Listeria can provoke demyelination in chickens and Man 48, 49

                ILSWFS+R
 

BAA33482  unnamed protein product [Vibrio phage fs2]

?

DFVRG---LVNE
 

|NP_813766  hypothetical protein gh-1p20 [Pseudomonas phage gh-1]

Pseudomonas infections and bacterial mimicry of MS autoantigens have been reported 10, 11, 50 

EHEALG
 

ABS84900   VP13/14 [Human herpesvirus 2]

HSV-2 infection has been implicated in multiple sclerosis 22

VLLPLA
 

AAX13234   unknown [Lactococcus lactis bacteriophage Tphi712]

Lactobacillus infection has beneficial effects in experimental models of multiple sclerosis 4

EYGAR+S+
 

NP_695059  [Lactococcus phage r1t]

KGYLWK
 

YP_001469129.1gp130 [Lactococcus phage KSY1]

ANVAL
 

ABD95922   matrix protein [Human metapneumovirus]

?

 
TDSTTQS
 

AAX84049   attachment glycoprotein [Human metapneumovirus]

?

QRFI+WLK
 

AAK59932   polyprotein [Human coxsackievirus B1]

Coxsackie virus seropositivity has been associated with relapse in multiple sclerosis 13

LRRKLE
 

BAD12610   capsid protein VP1 [Human coxsackievirus B5]

PPGV-V--RAN

NP_613027  Gene info linked to NP_613027.1 hypothetical protein Stx2Ip149 [Stx2 converting phage I]

?

PNITLP
 

P36849.2|HEX_ADE03  RecName: Full=Hexon protein; AltName: Full=Late protein 2

 emb|CAA54051   hexon protein [Human adenovirus type 3]

Adenovirus infection has been associated with relapse in multiple sclerosis 3

DE+DGE--DD
 

CAI11372.1|  hexon capsid protein [Human adenovirus type 50]

LC--AEVKER

ACK57100   truncated L1 capsid protein [Human papillomavirus]

Seropositivity has been reported in MS patiens and HPV multiple vaccination has been reported to causes demyelination 8, 9

TLQRGK

CAD30240   gp30.3' protein [Bacteriophage

CAJ76662   gp30.3' protein [Enterobacteria phage RB14]

Gut bacteria also display antigens that minic MS autoantigens 25

HLEAL
 

ABU83679   polymerase [Hepatitis B virus]

Hepatitis B infection may protect against  MS, while vaccination has been associated with the development of multiple sclerosis 51, 52

YRGP+VS
 

ABQ08535   proteinase/helicase [Hepatitis C virus]

Hepc infection can sometimes mimic MS 20

SGGG--ARGA
 

AAF19874 AF206362_1  polyprotein [Hepatitis C virus]

LRRKLE

ABF82333   capsid protein [Human coxsackievirus B5]

Coxsackie virus seropositivity has been associated with relapse in multiple sclerosis 13

Reference List

         1.            Opsahl,M.L. & Kennedy,P.G. Investigating the presence of human herpesvirus 7 and 8 in multiple sclerosis and normal control brain tissue. J. Neurol. Sci. 240, 37-44 (2006).

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